Sensor network-based countersniper system
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Directed flood-routing framework for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IFIP/USENIX international conference on Middleware
Countersniper system for urban warfare
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Telos: enabling ultra-low power wireless research
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Shooter localization and weapon classification with soldier-wearable networked sensors
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Shooter localization in wireless microphone networks
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on microphone array speech processing
Acoustic shooter localization with a minimal number of single-channel wireless sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
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The paper presents a smartphone-based shooter localization system. As muzzle blasts are difficult to detect at longer distances and consequently present higher false detection rates, the system relies on shockwaves only. Each sensor uses four microphones to detect the Angle of Arrival and the length of the shockwave. This information, along with the sensor's own GPS coordinates, are shared among nearby smartphones. Assuming a known weapon type, it then proceeds to estimate the two possible projectile trajectory candidates for each sensor that are consistent with the observations in the horizontal plane of the sensors. A simple clustering algorithm identifies the correct projectile trajectory relying on as few as two sensors. The trajectory is then used to estimate the bearing to the shooter relative to each sensor. The paper presents the overall system architecture, the design of the sensor node that interfaces with the smartphone, the trajectory and bearing estimation algorithms, and the evaluation of the system based on a field experiment.