A Probabilistic Room Location Service for Wireless Networked Environments
UbiComp '01 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Practical robust localization over large-scale 802.11 wireless networks
Proceedings of the 10th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Kernel-Based Positioning in Wireless Local Area Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
PERCOM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Sixth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
The Horus location determination system
Wireless Networks
Pedestrian localisation for indoor environments
UbiComp '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
RF-Based Initialisation for Inertial Pedestrian Tracking
Pervasive '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Pervasive Computing
Statistical learning theory for location fingerprinting in wireless LANs
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Intelligent Dynamic Radio Tracking in Indoor Wireless Local Area Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Unsupervised Learning for Solving RSS Hardware Variance Problem in WiFi Localization
Mobile Networks and Applications
A calibration-free localization solution for handling signal strength variance
MELT'09 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile entity localization and tracking in GPS-less environments
Growing an organic indoor location system
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Indoor localization without the pain
Proceedings of the sixteenth annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
LifeMap: A Smartphone-Based Context Provider for Location-Based Services
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Time-Space Sampling and Mobile Device Calibration for WiFi Indoor Location Systems
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Automatic mitigation of sensor variations for signal strength based location systems
LoCA'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Location- and Context-Awareness
Smartphone-Based Collaborative and Autonomous Radio Fingerprinting
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
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The Wi-Fi fingerprinting (WF) technique normally suffers from the Received Signal Strength (RSS) variance problem caused by environmental changes that are inherent in both the training and localization phases. Several calibration algorithms have been proposed but they only focus on the hardware variance problem. Moreover, smartphones were not evaluated and these are now widely used in WF systems. In this paper, we analyzed various aspects of the RSS variance problem when using smartphones for WF: device type, device placement, user direction, and environmental changes over time. To overcome the RSS variance problem, we also propose a smartphone-based, indoor pedestrian-tracking system. The scheme uses the location where the maximum RSS is observed, which is preserved even though RSS varies significantly. We experimentally validate that the proposed system is tolerant to the RSS variance problem.