Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory
Fundamentals of statistical signal processing: estimation theory
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Information Hiding Techniques for Steganography and Digital Watermarking
Digital Watermarking For Digital Media
Digital Watermarking For Digital Media
Watermarking Systems Engineering (Signal Processing and Communications, 21)
Watermarking Systems Engineering (Signal Processing and Communications, 21)
Optimal detector for multiplicative watermarks embedded in the DFT domain of non-white signals
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Information hiding with optimal detector for highly correlated signals
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
Robust optimum detection of transform domain multiplicative watermarks
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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This paper analyzes a multiplicative data hiding scheme, where the watermark bits are embedded within frames of a Gaussian host signal by two different, but arbitrary, embedding matrices. A closed form expression for the bit error rate (BER) of the optimal detector is derived when the frame sizes tend to infinity. Furthermore, a structure is proposed for the optimal detector which divides the detection process into two main blocks: host signal estimation and decision making. The proposed structure preserves optimality, and allows for a great deal of flexibility: The estimator can be selected according to the a priori knowledge about host signal. For example, if the host signal is an Auto-Regressive (AR) process, we argue that a Kalman filter may serve as the estimator. Compared to a direct implementation of the Neyman-Pearson detector, this approach results in significantly reduced complexity while keeping optimal performance.