SIGIR '94 Proceedings of the 17th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Information seeking in electronic environments
Information seeking in electronic environments
A vector space model for automatic indexing
Communications of the ACM
On the MSE robustness of batching estimators
Proceedings of the 33nd conference on Winter simulation
Communications of the ACM
Optimizing search engines using clickthrough data
Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Beyond independent relevance: methods and evaluation metrics for subtopic retrieval
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Impact of search engines on page popularity
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Personalizing search via automated analysis of interests and activities
Proceedings of the 28th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Focused crawling for both topical relevance and quality of medical information
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Improving web search ranking by incorporating user behavior information
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Evaluating the accuracy of implicit feedback from clicks and query reformulations in Web search
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Investigating behavioral variability in web search
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
A large-scale evaluation and analysis of personalized search strategies
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
The influence of caption features on clickthrough patterns in web search
SIGIR '07 Proceedings of the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
An experimental comparison of click position-bias models
WSDM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining
Mining the search trails of surfing crowds: identifying relevant websites from user activity
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web
Minimally invasive randomization for collecting unbiased preferences from clickthrough logs
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Cheap and fast---but is it good?: evaluating non-expert annotations for natural language tasks
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Cyberchondria: Studies of the escalation of medical concerns in Web search
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
Context-aware ranking in web search
Proceedings of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Predicting short-term interests using activity-based search context
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Augmenting web pages and search results to support credibility assessment
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You
Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Probabilistic models for personalizing web search
Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Modeling the impact of short- and long-term behavior on search personalization
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Studies of the onset and persistence of medical concerns in search logs
SIGIR '12 Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
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People's beliefs, and unconscious biases that arise from those beliefs, influence their judgment, decision making, and actions, as is commonly accepted among psychologists. Biases can be observed in information retrieval in situations where searchers seek or are presented with information that significantly deviates from the truth. There is little understanding of the impact of such biases in search. In this paper we study search-related biases via multiple probes: an exploratory retrospective survey, human labeling of the captions and results returned by a Web search engine, and a large-scale log analysis of search behavior on that engine. Targeting yes-no questions in the critical domain of health search, we show that Web searchers exhibit their own biases and are also subject to bias from the search engine. We clearly observe searchers favoring positive information over negative and more than expected given base rates based on consensus answers from physicians. We also show that search engines strongly favor a particular, usually positive, perspective, irrespective of the truth. Importantly, we show that these biases can be counterproductive and affect search outcomes; in our study, around half of the answers that searchers settled on were actually incorrect. Our findings have implications for search engine design, including the development of ranking algorithms that con-sider the desire to satisfy searchers (by validating their beliefs) and providing accurate answers and properly considering base rates. Incorporating likelihood information into search is particularly important for consequential tasks, such as those with a medical focus.