Searching techniques for integral tables
ISSAC '95 Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation
A Query Language for a Metadata Framework about Mathematical Resources
MKM '03 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management
Texquery: a full-text search extension to xquery
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
A survey on tree edit distance and related problems
Theoretical Computer Science
MathFind: a math-aware search engine
SIGIR '06 Proceedings of the 29th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
Query-by-example: the invocation and definition of tables and forms
VLDB '75 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Efficient IR-style keyword search over relational databases
VLDB '03 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 29
Math information retrieval: user requirements and prototype implementation
Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Methods of Relevance Ranking and Hit-content Generation in Math Search
Calculemus '07 / MKM '07 Proceedings of the 14th symposium on Towards Mechanized Mathematical Assistants: 6th International Conference
Communicating Mathematics via Pen-Based Interfaces
SYNASC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 10th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing
A new mathematics retrieval system
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
System description: EgoMath2 as a tool for mathematical searching on wikipedia.org
MKM'11 Proceedings of the 18th Calculemus and 10th international conference on Intelligent computer mathematics
The art of mathematics retrieval
Proceedings of the 11th ACM symposium on Document engineering
Math Spotting: Retrieving Math in Technical Documents Using Handwritten Query Images
ICDAR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Information retrieval and rendering with MML query
MKM'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Mathematical Knowledge Management
RTED: a robust algorithm for the tree edit distance
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
A search engine for mathematical formulae
AISC'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation
Answering math queries with search engines
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
XML information retrieval through tree edit distance and structural summaries
AIRS'11 Proceedings of the 7th Asia conference on Information Retrieval Technology
A math-aware search engine for math question answering system
Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Structural similarity search for mathematics retrieval
CICM'13 Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics
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Many documents with mathematical content are published on the Web, but conventional search engines that rely on keyword search only cannot fully exploit their mathematical information. In particular, keyword search is insufficient when expressions in a document are not annotated with natural keywords or the user cannot describe her query with keywords. Retrieving documents by querying their mathematical content directly is very appealing in various domains such as education, digital libraries, engineering, patent documents, medical sciences, etc. Capturing the relevance of mathematical expressions also greatly enhances document classification in such domains. Unlike text retrieval, where keywords carry enough semantics to distinguish text documents and rank them, math symbols do not contain much semantic information on their own. In fact, mathematical expressions typically consist of few alphabetical symbols organized in rather complex structures. Hence, the structure of an expression, which describes the way such symbols are combined, should also be considered. Unfortunately, there is no standard testbed with which to evaluate the effectiveness of a mathematics retrieval algorithm. In this paper we study the fundamental and challenging problems in mathematics retrieval, that is how to capture the relevance of mathematical expressions, how to query them, and how to evaluate the results. We describe various search paradigms and propose retrieval systems accordingly. We discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each approach, and further compare them through an extensive empirical study.