The LoveBomb: encouraging the communication of emotions in public spaces
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ComTouch: design of a vibrotactile communication device
DIS '02 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Tactons: structured tactile messages for non-visual information display
AUIC '04 Proceedings of the fifth conference on Australasian user interface - Volume 28
HIM: a framework for haptic instant messaging
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
inTouch: a medium for haptic interpersonal communication
CHI EA '97 CHI '97 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TapTap: a haptic wearable for asynchronous distributed touch therapy
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Communicating emotion through a haptic link: Design space and methodology
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Investigating response similarities between real and mediated social touch: a first test
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Emotional and behavioral responses to haptic stimulation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual interpersonal touch: expressing and recognizing emotions through haptic devices
Human-Computer Interaction
The Virtual Midas Touch: Helping Behavior After a Mediated Social Touch
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Expectations for user experience in haptic communication with mobile devices
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
SemFeel: a user interface with semantic tactile feedback for mobile touch-screen devices
Proceedings of the 22nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Touch & talk: contextualizing remote touch for affective interaction
Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
Characteristics of pressure-based input for mobile devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CheekTouch: an affective interaction technique while speaking on the mobile phone
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Role of Gesture Types and Spatial Feedback in Haptic Communication
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Keep in touch: channel, expectation and experience
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How do couples use CheekTouch over phone calls?
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Haptically augmented remote speech communication: a study of user practices and experiences
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
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Remote communication between people typically relies on audio and vision although current mobile devices are increasingly based on detecting different touch gestures such as swiping. These gestures could be adapted to interpersonal communication by using tactile technology capable of producing touch stimulation to a user's hand. It has been suggested that such mediated social touch would allow for new forms of emotional communication. The aim was to study whether vibrotactile stimulation that imitates human touch can convey intended emotions from one person to another. For this purpose, devices were used that converted touch gestures of squeeze and finger touch to vibrotactile stimulation. When one user squeezed his device or touched it with finger(s), another user felt corresponding vibrotactile stimulation on her device via four vibrating actuators. In an experiment, participant dyads comprising a sender and receiver were to communicate variations in the affective dimensions of valence and arousal using the devices. The sender's task was to create stimulation that would convey unpleasant, pleasant, relaxed, or aroused emotional intention to the receiver. Both the sender and receiver rated the stimulation using scales for valence and arousal so that the match between sender's intended emotions and receiver's interpretations could be measured. The results showed that squeeze was better at communicating unpleasant and aroused emotional intention, while finger touch was better at communicating pleasant and relaxed emotional intention. The results can be used in developing technology that enables people to communicate via touch by choosing touch gesture that matches the desired emotion.