An environmental energy harvesting framework for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Circuits for energy harvesting sensor signal processing
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Harvesting aware power management for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Design considerations for solar energy harvesting wireless embedded systems
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Perpetual environmentally powered sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Integrated solar energy harvesting and storage
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Adaptive duty cycling for energy harvesting systems
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Everlast: long-life, supercapacitor-operated wireless sensor node
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Design and power management of energy harvesting embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
An 0.9 × 1.2", low power, energy-harvesting system with custom multi-channel communication interface
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Energy harvesting photodiodes with integrated 2D diffractive storage capacitance
Proceedings of the 13th international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A novel asynchronous pixel for an energy harvesting CMOS image sensor
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Tiny Implants Combat Chronic Pain
IEEE Spectrum
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Integrating energy-harvesting photodiodes with logic and exploiting on-die interconnect capacitance for energy storage can enable new, ultraminiaturized wireless systems. Unlike CMOS imager pixels, the proposed photodiode designs utilize p-diffusion fingers and are implemented in a conventional logic process. Also unlike specialized solar cell processes, the designs utilize the on-chip metal interconnect to form a diffraction grating above the p-diffusion fingers which also provides capacitive energy storage. To explore the tradeoffs between optical efficiency and energy storage for integrated photodiodes, an array of photovoltaics with various diffractive storage capacitors was designed in a 90-nm CMOS logic process. The diffractive effects can be exploited to increase the photodiodes' response to off-axis illumination. Transient effects from interfacing the photodiodes with switched-capacitor DC-DC converters were examined, with measurements indicating a 50% reduction in the output voltage ripple due to the diffractive storage capacitance. A quantitative comparison between 90-nm and 0.35-µm CMOS logic processes for energy-harvesting capabilities was carried out. Measurements show an increase in power generation for the newer CMOS technology, however at the cost of reduced output voltage. One potential application for the integrated photodiodes is harvesting energy for a subdermal biomedical device.