Database Management Systems
Feedback Control of Computing Systems
Feedback Control of Computing Systems
Dynamo: amazon's highly available key-value store
Proceedings of twenty-first ACM SIGOPS symposium on Operating systems principles
A Design Methodology for Self-Management in Distributed Environments
CSE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering - Volume 01
VM3: Measuring, modeling and managing VM shared resources
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Modeling virtual machine performance: challenges and approaches
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Communications of the ACM
Cassandra: a decentralized structured storage system
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Benchmarking cloud serving systems with YCSB
Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing
Characterizing, modeling, and generating workload spikes for stateful services
Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing
Automated control for elastic storage
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
Achieving Robust Self-Management for Large-Scale Distributed Applications
SASO '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems
The SCADS director: scaling a distributed storage system under stringent performance requirements
FAST'11 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on File and stroage technologies
Aqueduct: online data migration with performance guarantees
FAST'02 Proceedings of the 1st USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Automated control for elastic n-tier workloads based on empirical modeling
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Autonomic computing
Serving large-scale batch computed data with project Voldemort
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
A workload characterization study of the 1998 World Cup Web site
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Coordinating self-sizing and self-repair managers for multi-tier systems
Future Generation Computer Systems
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The increasing spread of elastic Cloud services, together with the pay-as-you-go pricing model of Cloud computing, has led to the need of an elasticity controller. The controller automatically resizes an elastic service in response to changes in workload, in order to meet Service Level Objectives (SLOs) at a reduced cost. However, variable performance of Cloud Virtual Machines and nonlinearities in Cloud services, such as the diminishing reward of adding a service instance with increasing the scale, complicates the controller design. We present the design and evaluation of ElastMan, an elasticity controller for Cloud-based elastic key-value stores. ElastMan combines feedforward and feedback control. Feedforward control is used to respond to spikes in the workload by quickly resizing the service to meet SLOs at a minimal cost. Feedback control is used to correct modeling errors and to handle diurnal workload. To address nonlinearities, our design of ElastMan leverages the near-linear scalability of elastic Cloud services in order to build a scale-independent model of the service. We have implemented and evaluated ElastMan using the Voldemort key-value store running in an OpenStack Cloud environment. Our evaluation shows the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach to automation of Cloud service elasticity.