Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
A platform for ubiquitous sensor deployment in occupational and domestic environments
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Demo abstract: The Sensor Andrew infrastructure for large-scale campus-wide sensing and actuation
IPSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
ViridiScope: design and implementation of a fine grained power monitoring system for homes
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Experiences with a high-fidelity wireless building energy auditing network
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Contactless sensing of appliance state transitions through variations in electromagnetic fields
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Building
SAGA: Tracking and Visualization of Building Energy
RTCSA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 17th International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications - Volume 02
Hi-index | 0.00 |
Understanding where electricity is being used in buildings is an important tool for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) used in building energy conservation and efficiency. Current approaches for appliance-level energy metering typically require the installation of plug-through power meters, which is often difficult and costly for devices with inaccessible wires or outlets, or appliances that draw large amounts of current. In this paper, we present an energy measurement system that estimates the energy consumption of individual appliances using a wireless sensor network consisting of contactless electromagnetic field (EMF) sensors deployed near each appliance, and a whole-house power meter. We present the design of a battery-operated EMF sensor, which can detect appliance state transitions within close proximity based on magnetic and electric field fluctuations. Each detector wirelessly transmits state change events to a circuit-panel energy meter, in a time-synchronized fashion, so that the overall power measurements can be used to estimate appliance-level energy usage. Our EMF sensors are able to detect significant power state changes from a few inches away, thus making it possible to externally monitor in-wall wiring to devices. We experimentally evaluate our proposed EMF sensor, three-phase power meter and communication protocol in a residential building collecting data for over a week. The system is able to detect appliance state transitions with an accuracy of 95.8% and estimate the overall energy with an accuracy of 98.1%.