Lua—an extensible extension language
Software—Practice & Experience
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Measuring interactions between transport protocols and middleboxes
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Efficient algorithms for large-scale topology discovery
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Traceroute probe method and forward IP path inference
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
NSDI'10 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation
Primitives for active internet topology mapping: toward high-frequency characterization
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
An untold story of middleboxes in cellular networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
Is it still possible to extend TCP?
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Network topologies: inference, modeling, and generation
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
INTERNET TOPOLOGY DISCOVERY: A SURVEY
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Making middleboxes someone else's problem: network processing as a cloud service
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Efficient IP-Level network topology capture
PAM'13 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Passive and Active Measurement
Network fingerprinting: TTL-based router signatures
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference
Are TCP extensions middlebox-proof?
Proceedings of the 2013 workshop on Hot topics in middleboxes and network function virtualization
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Middleboxes such as firewalls, NAT, proxies, or Deep Packet Inspection play an increasingly important role in various types of IP networks, including enterprise and cellular networks. Recent studies have shed the light on their impact on real traffic and the complexity of managing them. Network operators and researchers have few tools to understand the impact of those boxes on any path. In this paper, we propose tracebox, an extension to the widely used traceroute tool, that is capable of detecting various types of middlebox interference over almost any path. tracebox sends IP packets containing TCP segments with different TTL values and analyses the packet encapsulated in the returned ICMP messages. Further, as recent routers quote, in the ICMP message, the entire IP packet that they received, tracebox is able to detect any modification performed by upstream middleboxes. In addition, tracebox can often pinpoint the network hop where the middlebox interference occurs. We evaluate tracebox with measurements performed on PlanetLab nodes. Our analysis reveals various types of middleboxes that were not expected on such an experimental testbed supposed to be connected to the Internet without any restriction.