The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
A computer aid for Schenkerian analysis
ACM '79 Proceedings of the 1979 annual conference
A simplified attributed graph grammar for high-level music recognition
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2
Journal of Functional Programming
Functional Harmonic Analysis Using Probabilistic Models
Computer Music Journal
Graph grammar representation for collaborative sample-based music creation
Proceedings of the 5th Audio Mostly Conference: A Conference on Interaction with Sound
Functional modelling of musical harmony: an experience report
Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
Growing music: musical interpretations of l-systems
EC'05 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computing
A functional approach to automatic melody harmonisation
Proceedings of the first ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Functional art, music, modeling & design
A functional approach to automatic melody harmonisation
Proceedings of the first ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Functional art, music, modeling & design
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Few algorithms for automated music composition are able to address the combination of harmonic structure, metrical structure, and repetition in a generalized way. Markov chains and neural nets struggle to address repetition of a musical phrase, and generative grammars generally do not handle temporal aspects of music in a way that retains a coherent metrical structure (nor do they handle repetition). To address these limitations, we present a new class of generative grammars called Probabilistic Temporal Graph Grammars, or PTGG's, that handle all of these features in music while allowing an elegant and concise implementation in Haskell. Being probabilistic allows one to express desired outcomes in a probabilistic manner; being temporal allows one to express metrical structure; and being a graph grammar allows one to express repetition of phrases through the sharing of nodes in the graph. A key aspect of our approach that enables handling of harmonic and metrical structure in addition to repetition is the use of rules that are parameterized by duration, and thus are actually functions. As part of our implementation, we also make use of a music-theoretic concept called chord spaces.