The revised Fundamental Theorem of Moment Invariants
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Attacks on Copyright Marking Systems
Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Information Hiding
A Comparison of Affine Region Detectors
International Journal of Computer Vision
A robust content-based digital image watermarking scheme
Signal Processing
Contourlet-based image adaptive watermarking
Image Communication
A local Tchebichef moments-based robust image watermarking
Signal Processing
Geometric distortion insensitive image watermarking in affine covariant regions
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Image watermarking based on invariant regions of scale-space representation
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarks
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Geometrically invariant watermarking using feature points
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Geometric Invariance in image watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Digital watermarking robust to geometric distortions
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Affine Legendre Moment Invariants for Image Watermarking Robust to Geometric Distortions
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Geometric distortions are simple and effective attacks rendering many watermarking methods useless. They make detection and extraction of the embedded watermark difficult or even impossible by destroying the synchronization between the watermark reader and the embedded watermark. In this paper, we propose a blind content-based image watermarking scheme against geometric distortions. Firstly, the MSER detector is adopted to extract a set of maximally stable extremal regions which are affine covariant and robust to geometric distortions and common signal processing. Secondly, every original MSER is fitted into an elliptical region that was proved to be affine invariant. In order to achieve rotation invariance, an image normalization process is performed to transform the elliptical regions into circular ones. Finally, watermarks are repeatedly embedded into every circular disk by modifying the wavelet transform coefficients. Experimental results on standard benchmark demonstrate that the proposed scheme is robust to geometric distortions as well as common signal processing.