A model-based method for rotation invariant texture classification
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fractals everywhere
Classification of Rotated and Scaled Textured Images Using Gaussian Markov Random Field Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A DCT-domain system for robust image watermarking
Signal Processing
Two dimensional discrete fractional Fourier transform
Signal Processing
Digital watermarking in the fractional Fourier transformation domain
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
A Statistical Approach to Texture Classification from Single Images
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Texture Analysis and Synthesis
Template Based Recovery of Fourier-Based Watermarks Using Log-polar and Log-log Maps
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
Time-delay estimation of chirp signals in the fractional Fourier domain
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Analysis of digital image watermark attacks
CCNC'10 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE conference on Consumer communications and networking conference
PCM'10 Proceedings of the Advances in multimedia information processing, and 11th Pacific Rim conference on Multimedia: Part II
Discrete chirp-Fourier transform and its application to chirp rateestimation
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
The discrete fractional Fourier transform
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
The fractional Fourier transform and time-frequency representations
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Digital computation of the fractional Fourier transform
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Hidden digital watermarks in images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Robust template matching for affine resistant image watermarks
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Watermarking in the space/spatial-frequency domain using two-dimensional Radon-Wigner distribution
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Embedding image watermarks in dc components
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The extraction of rotation invariant representation is important for many signal processing tasks such as image analysis, computer vision, pattern recognition and so forth. In this paper, we show that, under certain conditions, the Two-Dimensional Fractional Fourier Transform (2D-FRFT) possesses this attractive property through mathematical analysis and extensive computer simulations. Based on this property, we propose a novel digital image watermarking method which combines 2D chirp signal with the addition and rotation invariant properties of 2D-FRFT in order to improve robustness and security of digital image watermark in 2D-FRFT domain. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against numerous watermarking attacks including rotation geometrical transform, JPEG compression, crop, median filtering, histogram equalization, salt & pepper noise, Gaussian lowpass filter, shift, dithering and Gaussian noise, and secures against unauthorized information copying and redistribution.