Rendezvous for Cognitive Radios
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Ring-Walk Based Channel-Hopping Algorithms with Guaranteed Rendezvous for Cognitive Radio Networks
GREENCOM-CPSCOM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing
A multi-channel testbed for dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on Wireless multimedia networking and computing
Control Channel Establishment in Cognitive Radio Networks using Channel Hopping
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering - Special issue on Resource Allocation in Communications and Computing
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In opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), which are characterized by changing network topology, the time and location varying spectrum availability, there is a need of on-demand searching for a control traffic channel by cognitive radio (CR) users in order to be able to initiate a communication. Therefore, the neighborhood discovery phase, also referred to as a rendezvous (RDV) phase, is challenging due to the dynamics of such networks. Lately, there has been a proliferation of different rendezvous protocols. However, mostly the proposed protocols have had a narrow focus, which is usually a RDV guarantee in a single cycle. At times there is support for a RDV guarantee on every unoccupied channel in a single cycle, however, very rarely asynchronism is exploited as a main factor, or considering channel heterogeneity in terms of quality. In this study we show how to add and benefit from asynchronism in neighborhood discovery protocols that already guarantee a RDV on each free channel. Thanks to induced asynchronism, the ranking of channels is introduced, allowing nodes to stay longer on better quality channels. We analyze the behavior of three different rendezvous protocols in terms of efficiency and time-to-rendezvous with the measured error margins for different asynchronous offsets. We show that an asynchronism significantly improves the efficiency of all the studied protocols. The goal of this paper is not to proof that one particular protocol is better than another, we aim only to show that the added asynchronism and induced ranking of channels can improve significantly the performance of different rendezvous protocols.