Federated database systems for managing distributed, heterogeneous, and autonomous databases
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) - Special issue on heterogeneous databases
An approach for reverse engineering of relational databases
Communications of the ACM
Reverse engineering of relational databases: extraction of an EER model from a relational database
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: the role of formal ontology in the information technology
The entity-relationship model—toward a unified view of data
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) - Special issue: papers from the international conference on very large data bases: September 22–24, 1975, Framingham, MA
A relational model of data for large shared data banks
Communications of the ACM
Migrating data-intensive web sites into the Semantic Web
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Data integration: a theoretical perspective
Proceedings of the twenty-first ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Foundations of Databases: The Logical Level
Foundations of Databases: The Logical Level
Database Management Systems
Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
A Method for Transforming Relational Schemas Into Conceptual Schemas
Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Data Engineering
Ontological Engineering
Ontology mapping: the state of the art
The Knowledge Engineering Review
ERONTO: a tool for extracting ontologies from extended E/R diagrams
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Relational.OWL: a data and schema representation format based on OWL
APCCM '05 Proceedings of the 2nd Asia-Pacific conference on Conceptual modelling - Volume 43
Semantic Query Transformation Using Ontologies
IDEAS '05 Proceedings of the 9th International Database Engineering & Application Symposium
RDB2ONT: A Tool for Generating OWL Ontologies From Relational Database Systems
AICT-ICIW '06 Proceedings of the Advanced Int'l Conference on Telecommunications and Int'l Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services
A Survey on Disk Oriented Querying and Reasoning on the Semantic Web
ICDEW '06 Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops
Upgrading relational legacy data to the semantic web
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
DartGrid: a semantic infrastructure for building database Grid applications: Research Articles
Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience - Grid and Cooperative Computing (GCC2004)
The Description Logic Handbook
The Description Logic Handbook
Bridging the gap between OWL and relational databases
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
Mapping between Relational Database Schema and OWL Ontology for Deep Annotation
WI '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence
Semantic Integration of Heterogeneous Databases on the Web
ICCTA '07 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing: Theory and Applications
Extracting generalization hierarchies from relational databases: A reverse engineering approach
Data & Knowledge Engineering
On the Properties of Metamodeling in OWL1
Journal of Logic and Computation
EDBT '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Extending database technology: Advances in database technology
Relational Databases in RDF: Keys and Foreign Keys
Semantic Web, Ontologies and Databases
An Effective SPARQL Support over Relational Databases
Semantic Web, Ontologies and Databases
Round-Trip Engineering for Maintaining Conceptual-Relational Mappings
CAiSE '08 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
Uncovering the Deep Web: Transferring Relational Database Content and Metadata to OWL Ontologies
KES '08 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Part I
Translating SQL Applications to the Semantic Web
DEXA '08 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
Computer
R2O transformation system: relation to ontology transformation for scalable data integration
IDEAS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international symposium on Database engineering & applications
The Expressive Power of SPARQL
ISWC '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on The Semantic Web
Mining the Content of Relational Databases to Learn Ontologies with Deeper Taxonomies
WI-IAT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Triplify: light-weight linked data publication from relational databases
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
SP^2Bench: A SPARQL Performance Benchmark
ICDE '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering
Can RDB2RDF Tools Feasibily Expose Large Science Archives for Data Integration?
ESWC 2009 Heraklion Proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications
Semantics preserving SPARQL-to-SQL translation
Data & Knowledge Engineering
Reasoning Web. Semantic Technologies for Information Systems
Automatic Extraction of Ontologies Wrapping Relational Data Sources
DEXA '09 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
A complete translation from SPARQL into efficient SQL
IDEAS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium
Generating OWL Ontology for Database Integration
SEMAPRO '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Third International Conference on Advances in Semantic Processing
Mapping ER Schemas to OWL Ontologies
ICSC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing
Translating relational & object-relational database models into OWL models
IRI'09 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE international conference on Information Reuse & Integration
Accessing and Documenting Relational Databases through OWL Ontologies
FQAS '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Flexible Query Answering Systems
Discovering and Maintaining Links on the Web of Data
ISWC '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Semantic Web Conference
Mapping Relational Databases to the Semantic Web with Original Meaning
KSEM '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management
Updating relational data via SPARQL/update
Proceedings of the 2010 EDBT/ICDT Workshops
Building geospatial ontologies from geographical databases
GeoS'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on GeoSpatial semantics
From database to semantic web ontology: an overview
OTM'07 Proceedings of the 2007 OTM Confederated international conference on On the move to meaningful internet systems - Volume Part II
Cross: an OWL wrapper for reasoning on relational databases
ER'07 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Conceptual modeling
Discovering simple mappings between relational database schemas and ontologies
ISWC'07/ASWC'07 Proceedings of the 6th international The semantic web and 2nd Asian conference on Asian semantic web conference
Journal on data semantics X
RDB2OWL: a practical approach for transforming RDB data into RDF/OWL
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Semantic Systems
Interoperability by design using the StdTrip tool: an a priori approach
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Semantic Systems
Technically approaching the semantic web bottleneck
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
Fundamentals of Database Systems
Fundamentals of Database Systems
Linked Data
Interpreting relational databases in the RDF domain
Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Knowledge capture
Ontology and database mapping: a survey of current implementations and future directions
Journal of Web Engineering
The MASTRO system for ontology-based data access
Semantic Web
Reasoning in the OWL 2 full ontology language using first-order automated theorem proving
CADE'11 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Automated deduction
A comparison of RDB-to-RDF mapping languages
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Semantic Systems
Handling changes of database schemas and corresponding ontologies
CoMoGIS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Conceptual Modeling: theory and practice
A semi-automatic ontology acquisition method for the semantic web
WAIM'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
A database trigger strategy to maintain knowledge bases developed via data migration
EPIA'05 Proceedings of the 12th Portuguese conference on Progress in Artificial Intelligence
Database to semantic web mapping using RDF query languages
ER'06 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Conceptual Modeling
Discovering the semantics of relational tables through mappings
Journal on Data Semantics VII
Benchmarking RDF production tools
DEXA'07 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications
LinkedGeoData: A core for a web of spatial open data
Semantic Web - On linked spatiotemporal data and geo-ontologies
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Relational databases are considered one of the most popular storage solutions for various kinds of data and they have been recognized as a key factor in generating huge amounts of data for Semantic Web applications. Ontologies, on the other hand, are one of the key concepts and main vehicle of knowledge in the Semantic Web research area. The problem of bridging the gap between relational databases and ontologies has attracted the interest of the Semantic Web community, even from the early years of its existence and is commonly referred to as the database-to-ontology mapping problem. However, this term has been used interchangeably for referring to two distinct problems: namely, the creation of an ontology from an existing database instance and the discovery of mappings between an existing database instance and an existing ontology. In this paper, we clearly define these two problems and present the motivation, benefits, challenges and solutions for each one of them. We attempt to gather the most notable approaches proposed so far in the literature, present them concisely in tabular format and group them under a classification scheme. We finally explore the perspectives and future research steps for a seamless and meaningful integration of databases into the Semantic Web.