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SP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
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Evidence of identity (EOI), sometimes mentioned as breeder documents in a physical representation form, refers to a single or a set of evidence that can be used to provide confidence to the claimed identity. Trust of evidence of identity needs prudential assessment by an authority or a service provider before such evidence of identity can be accepted for identity verification or eligibility evaluation purposes. This is especially the case when such purposes have a high risk of cost, security, and other critical consequences. In this paper we analyze the status of deployed EOIs in the scope of ePassport issuance; and then attempt to define the implementation types, fraud scenarios, security objectives, and trust levels for EOIs, which have not been clearly defined in existing research and standardization societies. As a pilot survey work in this field, recommendations from policy and technology perspectives towards a highly-trusted EOI framework for standardization are shaped towards future ePassport issuance standardization and practice. Finally, a new design of birth certificate, compliant to the proposed recommendations, is presented as an example of trusted EOI.