A dual watermarking technique for images
MULTIMEDIA '99 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Multimedia (Part 2)
A Novel Image Watermarking Technique Using Fuzzy-BP Network
IIH-MSP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper, a novel watermarking scheme is proposed by embedding a binary watermark into gray-scale images using a hybrid GA-BPN intelligent network. HVS characteristics of the images in DCT domain are used to obtain a sequence of weighting factor from a GA-BPN. This weighting factor is used to embed and extract the watermark from the image in DWT domain. The GA-BPN is trained by 27 inference rules that includes three input HVS parameters namely luminance sensitivity, edge sensitivity computed using threshold and contrast sensitivity computed using variance. The robustness of the embedding scheme is examined by executing seven different image processing attacks. Visual quality of signed images before and after the attacks is examined by PSNR. The extracted watermarks from signed and attacked images show a high degree of similarity with the embedded content. Overall, the algorithm is robust against selected attacks and is well optimized.