Indexing and access for digital libraries and the Internet: human, database, and domain factors
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Image attributes: an investigation
Image attributes: an investigation
Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems
Journal of Information Science
Theories of cognition and image categorization: What category labels reveal about basic level theory
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Towards a user-oriented thesaurus for non-domain-specific image collections
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Collective indexing of emotions in images. A study in emotional information retrieval
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms and Applications
Word Sense Disambiguation: Algorithms and Applications
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This paper analyses selected literature on basic-level categories, explores related theories and discusses theoretical explanations of the phenomenon of basic-level categories. A substantial body of research has proposed that basic-level categories are the first categories formed during perception of the environment, the first learned by children and those most used in language. Experimental studies suggest that high-level (or superordinate) categories lack informativeness because they are represented by only a few attributes and low-level (or subordinate) categories lack cognitive economy because they are represented by too many attributes. Studies in library and information science have demonstrated the prevalence of basic-level categories in knowledge organization and representation systems such as thesauri and in image indexing and retrieval; and it has been suggested that the universality of basic-level categories could be used for building crosswalks between classificatory systems and user-centred indexing. However, while there is evidence of the pervasiveness of basic-level categories, they may actually be unstable across individuals, domains or cultures and thus unable to support broad generalizations. This paper discusses application of Heidegger's notion of handiness as a framework for understanding the relational nature of basic-level categories.