RDMAR: a bandwidth-efficient routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks
WOWMOM '99 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia
LANMAR: landmark routing for large scale wireless ad hoc networks with group mobility
MobiHoc '00 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
WMCSA '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computer Systems and Applications
A Highly Adaptive Distributed Routing Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
A high-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing
Proceedings of the 9th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Rushing attacks and defense in wireless ad hoc network routing protocols
WiSe '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Wireless security
Black hole attack in mobile Ad Hoc networks
ACM-SE 42 Proceedings of the 42nd annual Southeast regional conference
Independent zone routing: an adaptive hybrid routing framework for ad hoc wireless networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Prevention of Blackhole Attack in MANET
AUSWIRELESS '07 Proceedings of the The 2nd International Conference on Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications
Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless, Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Cooperative Black Hole Attack Prevention for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
IEEC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Information Engineering and Electronic Commerce
SAODV: A MANET Routing Protocol that can Withstand Black Hole Attack
CIS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security - Volume 02
Mitigation of Black-Hole Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
ISPA '10 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications
A Mechanism for Detection of Cooperative Black Hole Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
ISMS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation
A survey of secure mobile Ad Hoc routing protocols
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Routing security in wireless ad hoc networks
IEEE Communications Magazine
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With the emergence of mobile ad-hoc networks, more users desire connectivity regardless of geographic location. MANETs are a promising technology in terms of the applications in the military, emergency situations, and general daily life activities. Various protocols have been developed to handle the routing information in such networks. However, most protocols are vulnerable to various threats. Among them, the Black-hole type of denial-of-service attack causes a major degradation in the performance and trust of the network nodes. In this paper, the authors review and highlight the limitations of the existing solutions and propose a new algorithm to handle the black-hole attacks. The proposed algorithm is comparatively efficient and easy to implement for detecting and avoiding the black-hole attacks. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in Network Simulator ns-2 to evaluate its performance in term of packet delivery ratio, network load, and end-to-end delay. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a considerable enhancement in the overall networking performance and avoids the black-hole attack successfully.