Dynamic fine-grained localization in Ad-Hoc networks of sensors
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Localization with Dive'N'Rise (DNR) beacons for underwater acoustic sensor networks
Proceedings of the second workshop on Underwater networks
Multi Stage Underwater Sensor Localization Using Mobile Beacons
SENSORCOMM '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Second International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications
3D Underwater Sensor Network Localization
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Localization for large-scale underwater sensor networks
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
SENSORCOMM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications
Time Synchronization Protocol with Minimum Message Communication for High Latency Networks
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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Almost all the existing range-based localization schemes for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) assume that clocks of different nodes are well synchronized. However, clock synchronization is very challenging in UWSNs. In this paper, we design a clock synchronization independent localization scheme (CSILS). Instead of trying to estimate distances between unknown nodes and anchor nodes, we design a scheme for obtaining the distance differences based on the local clocks. In order to convert the distance differences into node's location, we propose distance-difference-based maximum likelihood estimation (D-D-BMLE). Finally, we give some suggestions on how to deploy anchor nodes Simulation results show that CSILS works well without clock synchronization when anchor nodes are deployed reasonably. Compared to a clock-synchronization-based localization scheme, CSILS improves localization accuracy with a proper level of localization coverage and communication overhead in terms of mobility model of water currents.