Quantum fingerprints that keep secrets

  • Authors:
  • Dmitry Gavinsky;Tsuyoshi Ito

  • Affiliations:
  • NEC Laboratories America, Inc., Princeton, NJ;NEC Laboratories America, Inc., Princeton, NJ

  • Venue:
  • Quantum Information & Computation
  • Year:
  • 2013

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Abstract

We introduce a new type of cryptographic primitive that we call a hiding fingerprinting scheme. A (quantum) fingerprinting scheme maps a binary string of length n to d (qu)bits, typically d ≪ n, such that given any string y and a fingerprint of x, one can decide with high accuracy whether x = y. It can be seen that a classical fingerprint of x that guarantees error ≤ ε necessarily reveals Ω(min {n, log(1/ε)}) bits of information about x. We call a scheme hiding if it reveals o(min {n, log(1/ε)}) bits; accordingly, no classical scheme is hiding. We construct quantum hiding fingerprinting schemes. Our schemes are computationally efficient and their hiding properties are shown to be optimal.