F1: a distributed SQL database that scales

Authors:
Jeff Shute;Radek Vingralek;Bart Samwel;Ben Handy;Chad Whipkey;Eric Rollins;Mircea Oancea;Kyle Littlefield;David Menestrina;Stephan Ellner;John Cieslewicz;Ian Rae;Traian Stancescu;Himani Apte
Affiliations:
Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;University of Wisconsin-Madison and Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.;Google, Inc.
Venue:
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Year:
2013

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Abstract

F1 is a distributed relational database system built at Google to support the AdWords business. F1 is a hybrid database that combines high availability, the scalability of NoSQL systems like Bigtable, and the consistency and usability of traditional SQL databases. F1 is built on Spanner, which provides synchronous cross-datacenter replication and strong consistency. Synchronous replication implies higher commit latency, but we mitigate that latency by using a hierarchical schema model with structured data types and through smart application design. F1 also includes a fully functional distributed SQL query engine and automatic change tracking and publishing.