XINS: the anatomy of an indoor positioning and navigation architecture
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Mobile location-based service
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A 2011 Gartner report [3] describes context-aware computing as a game-changing opportunity for enterprises to improve both productivity and profits. Context-aware computing is about making applications and content more relevant to a user's context, e.g., when and where the user is, thereby improving user experience. For instance, a coupon delivered to a user at a wrong time or at a wrong location is considered a nuisance. On the contrary, receiving a timely, usable coupon before purchasing a merchandise is a treat. Context-aware computing is not a new concept, but the ongoing mobile revolution makes it both necessary and feasible. • Necessary because the mobile phone display is small and information must be delivered with much higher relevance and precision to meet user needs. • Feasible because small, light-weight mobile devices allow users to almost always carry them around, and much can be learned via a phone about its user's habits and states. Context-aware computing involves first acquiring context and then taking context-dependent actions. For instance, a phone can sense a user's location and turn off its GPS unit to conserve power when the user enters a building, or it can collect EKG signals of a user and trigger an alert if the user's heart beats irregularly. Similarly, a restaurant can send a coupon to a user when that user is queued up in front of a nearby restaurant. The useful context can be divided into three categories: information on the user (knowledge of habits, emotional state, biophysiological conditions), the user's environment (time, location, co-location of others, social interaction), and the user's tasks (transportation mode, engaged tasks, general goals) [4]. Context-aware computing can be applied to benefit applications in many areas including but not limited to information retrieval, facility management, productivity enhancement, in addition to the aforementioned three examples representing power management, health care, and commerce, respectively.