Why Order Matters: Turing Equivalence in Automated Systems Administration
LISA '02 Proceedings of the 16th USENIX conference on System administration
Continuous Delivery: Reliable Software Releases through Build, Test, and Deployment Automation
Continuous Delivery: Reliable Software Releases through Build, Test, and Deployment Automation
Testable system administration
Communications of the ACM
Symbolic execution for software testing in practice: preliminary assessment
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Idempotence Is Not a Medical Condition
Queue - Processors
A taxonomy of model-based testing approaches
Software Testing, Verification & Reliability
DevOps for Developers
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Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a novel approach for deployment of middleware and applications. IaC typically builds on automation scripts to put the system into a specific state. The series of steps in an automation should be idempotent to guarantee repeatability and convergence. These are key factors if automations are run periodically to override out-of-band changes and prevent drifts from the desired state. Rigorous testing must ensure that the system reliably converges from arbitrary initial/intermediate states to a desired state. We tackle this issue and demonstrate our tool for automated testing of automation scripts. Our tool is tailored to Opscode's Chef, one of the most popular IaC frameworks to date. Various testing parameters can be configured, and the Web-based user interface allows to inspect the system state changes during execution. Detailed test reports are created at the end of a test suite, which facilitate tracking down the root cause of failures and issues of non-idempotence.