Arranging n distinct numbers on a line or a circle to reach extreme total variations
European Journal of Combinatorics
The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic
New ideas in optimization
Ant algorithms for discrete optimization
Artificial Life
Future Generation Computer Systems
Ant Colony Optimization
Information Processing Letters
Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
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The problem of optimally locating the numbers around a dartboard is a combinatorial optimisation problem. In this paper, we are solving this problem using max-min ant system MMAS algorithm. The algorithm reinforces local search in neighbourhood of the best solution found in each iteration while implementing methods to slow convergence and facilitate exploration. MMAS algorithm has been proved to be very effective in finding optimum solution to hard combinatorial optimisation problems.