Keystroke dynamics as a biometric for authentication
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue on security on the Web
Typing Patterns: A Key to User Identification
IEEE Security and Privacy
Timing analysis of keystrokes and timing attacks on SSH
SSYM'01 Proceedings of the 10th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 10
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
User authentication through typing biometrics features
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
A scientific understanding of keystroke dynamics
A scientific understanding of keystroke dynamics
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Usability is an important aspect of security, because poor usability motivates users to find shortcuts that bypass the system. Existing studies on keystroke biometrics evaluate the usability issue in terms of the average false rejection rate (FRR). We show in this paper that such an approach underestimates the user impact in two ways. First, the FRR of keystroke biometrics changes for the worse under a range of common conditions such as background music, exercise and even game playing. In a user study involving 111 participants, the average penalties (increases) in FRR are 0.0360 and 0.0498, respectively, for two different classifiers. Second, presenting the FRR as an average obscures the fact that not everyone is suitable for keystroke biometrics deployment. For example, using a Monte Carlo simulation, we found that 30% of users would encounter an account lockout before their 50th authentication session (given a lockout policy of 3 attempts) if they are affected by external influences 50% of the time when authenticating.