OPTICS: ordering points to identify the clustering structure
SIGMOD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
LOF: identifying density-based local outliers
SIGMOD '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Efficient algorithms for mining outliers from large data sets
SIGMOD '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Outlier detection for high dimensional data
SIGMOD '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Mining top-n local outliers in large databases
Proceedings of the seventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Fast Outlier Detection in High Dimensional Spaces
PKDD '02 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Algorithms for Mining Distance-Based Outliers in Large Datasets
VLDB '98 Proceedings of the 24rd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Enhancing Effectiveness of Outlier Detections for Low Density Patterns
PAKDD '02 Proceedings of the 6th Pacific-Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Mining Deviants in a Time Series Database
VLDB '99 Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Distance-based outliers: algorithms and applications
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
A Unified Approach to Detecting Spatial Outliers
Geoinformatica
A bibliography of temporal, spatial and spatio-temporal data mining research
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter
Efficient Biased Sampling for Approximate Clustering and Outlier Detection in Large Data Sets
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Algorithms for Spatial Outlier Detection
ICDM '03 Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
Mining distance-based outliers in near linear time with randomization and a simple pruning rule
Proceedings of the ninth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
On-Line Unsupervised Outlier Detection Using Finite Mixtures with Discounting Learning Algorithms
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
A Survey of Outlier Detection Methodologies
Artificial Intelligence Review
ICDM '04 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
Feature bagging for outlier detection
Proceedings of the eleventh ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery in data mining
Introduction to Data Mining, (First Edition)
Introduction to Data Mining, (First Edition)
A Unifying Framework for Detecting Outliers and Change Points from Time Series
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
SLOM: a new measure for local spatial outliers
Knowledge and Information Systems
Finding centric local outliers in categorical/numerical spaces
Knowledge and Information Systems
Converting Output Scores from Outlier Detection Algorithms into Probability Estimates
ICDM '06 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining
An Efficient Reference-Based Approach to Outlier Detection in Large Datasets
ICDM '06 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Data Mining
Hos-Miner: a system for detecting outlyting subspaces of high-dimensional data
VLDB '04 Proceedings of the Thirtieth international conference on Very large data bases - Volume 30
Video summarisation: A conceptual framework and survey of the state of the art
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Spatial Outlier Detection: A Graph-Based Approach
ICTAI '07 Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence - Volume 01
Angle-based outlier detection in high-dimensional data
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
DOLPHIN: An efficient algorithm for mining distance-based outliers in very large datasets
ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD)
A New Local Distance-Based Outlier Detection Approach for Scattered Real-World Data
PAKDD '09 Proceedings of the 13th Pacific-Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Outlier Detection in Axis-Parallel Subspaces of High Dimensional Data
PAKDD '09 Proceedings of the 13th Pacific-Asia Conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Trajectory Outlier Detection: A Partition-and-Detect Framework
ICDE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering
OutRank: ranking outliers in high dimensional data
ICDEW '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE 24th International Conference on Data Engineering Workshop
A comprehensive survey of numeric and symbolic outlier mining techniques
Intelligent Data Analysis
Efficient Pruning Schemes for Distance-Based Outlier Detection
ECML PKDD '09 Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Part II
LoOP: local outlier probabilities
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
Automatic retrieval of visual continuity errors in movies
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Toward a conceptual framework of key-frame extraction and storyboard display for video summarization
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
On community outliers and their efficient detection in information networks
Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
GLS-SOD: a generalized local statistical approach for spatial outlier detection
Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Spatial outlier detection: random walk based approaches
Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
Adaptive outlierness for subspace outlier ranking
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
SOREX: subspace outlier ranking exploration toolkit
ECML PKDD'10 Proceedings of the 2010 European conference on Machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases: Part III
Distance-based outlier detection: consolidation and renewed bearing
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Finding Local Anomalies in Very High Dimensional Space
ICDM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
An unbiased distance-based outlier detection approach for high-dimensional data
DASFAA'11 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Database systems for advanced applications - Volume Part I
Statistical selection of relevant subspace projections for outlier ranking
ICDE '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 27th International Conference on Data Engineering
Spatial outlier detection: data, algorithms, visualizations
SSTD'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Advances in spatial and temporal databases
Ranking outliers using symmetric neighborhood relationship
PAKDD'06 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining
Video cataloging system for real-time scene change detection of news video
IWCIA'04 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Combinatorial Image Analysis
Mining outliers with ensemble of heterogeneous detectors on random subspaces
DASFAA'10 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications - Volume Part I
Anomaly Detection for Discrete Sequences: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
HiCS: High Contrast Subspaces for Density-Based Outlier Ranking
ICDE '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 28th International Conference on Data Engineering
Evaluation of Clusterings -- Metrics and Visual Support
ICDE '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 28th International Conference on Data Engineering
A survey on unsupervised outlier detection in high-dimensional numerical data
Statistical Analysis and Data Mining
Outlier Detection in Arbitrarily Oriented Subspaces
ICDM '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Data Mining
Ensembles for unsupervised outlier detection: challenges and research questions a position paper
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter
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Outlier detection research has been seeing many new algorithms every year that often appear to be only slightly different from existing methods along with some experiments that show them to "clearly outperform" the others. However, few approaches come along with a clear analysis of existing methods and a solid theoretical differentiation. Here, we provide a formalized method of analysis to allow for a theoretical comparison and generalization of many existing methods. Our unified view improves understanding of the shared properties and of the differences of outlier detection models. By abstracting the notion of locality from the classic distance-based notion, our framework facilitates the construction of abstract methods for many special data types that are usually handled with specialized algorithms. In particular, spatial neighborhood can be seen as a special case of locality. Here we therefore compare and generalize approaches to spatial outlier detection in a detailed manner. We also discuss temporal data like video streams, or graph data such as community networks. Since we reproduce results of specialized approaches with our general framework, and even improve upon them, our framework provides reasonable baselines to evaluate the true merits of specialized approaches. At the same time, seeing spatial outlier detection as a special case of local outlier detection, opens up new potentials for analysis and advancement of methods.