Password authentication with insecure communication
Communications of the ACM
A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems
Communications of the ACM
CT-RSA '02 Proceedings of the The Cryptographer's Track at the RSA Conference on Topics in Cryptology
HAVAL - A One-Way Hashing Algorithm with Variable Length of Output
ASIACRYPT '92 Proceedings of the Workshop on the Theory and Application of Cryptographic Techniques: Advances in Cryptology
PayWord and MicroMint: Two Simple Micropayment Schemes
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
NetCard - A Practical Electronic-Cash System
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Electronic Payments of Small Amounts
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Security Protocols
Electronic Lottery Tickets as Micropayments
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
SVP: A Flexible Micropayment Scheme
FC '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Experimenting with Electronic Commerce on the PalmPilot
FC '99 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Financial Cryptography
Weighted One-Way Hash Chain and Its Applications
ISW '00 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Security
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In this paper, the PayStar micropayment scheme with the property of flexible coin denomination is proposed. In practice each purchase may require a different amount of payment even in the scenario of micropayment applications and the proposed flexibility of denomination is therefore practical. Our design primarily intends to improve the performance of the customer's side since small portable devices are usually employed. The proposed PayStar improves drastically the computational performance of the customer from the viewpoint of processing each smallest denomination, e.g., one cent, due to the nature of PayStar which divides one lengthy conventional payment chain into a bundle of short merged one-way chains. Computational performance of the merchant has been improved as well. In PayStar scheme, storage cost of the customer is extremely low, the customer only needs to store one secret value for each PayStar token and it is thus suitable for implementations on small portable devices.