Labeled point pattern matching by Delaunay triangulation and maximal cliques
Pattern Recognition
Architectural symbol recognition using a network of constraints
Pattern Recognition Letters
Symbol Recognition by Error-Tolerant Subgraph Matching between Region Adjacency Graphs
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
Shape Matching and Object Recognition Using Shape Contexts
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A model for image generation and symbol recognition through the deformation of lineal shapes
Pattern Recognition Letters
Sketched Symbol Recognition using Zernike Moments
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 1 - Volume 01
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Graphical Models and Point Pattern Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Symbol Recognition with Kernel Density Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Rotation Invariant Shape Contexts based on Feature-space Fourier Transformation
ICIG '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics
Optimal Classifier Fusion in a Non-Bayesian Probabilistic Framework
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Pixel-level Statistical Structural Descriptor for Shape Measure and Recognition
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A Bayesian network for combining descriptors: application to symbol recognition
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
Symbol Recognition Combining Vectorial and Pixel-Level Features for Line Drawings
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Symbol recognition combining vectorial and statistical features
GREC'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Graphics Recognition: ten Years Review and Future Perspectives
Symbol recognition using spatial relations
Pattern Recognition Letters
Circular Blurred Shape Model for Multiclass Symbol Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
A non-rigid appearance model for shape description and recognition
Pattern Recognition
Sketched symbol recognition with auto-completion
Pattern Recognition
A New Adaptive Structural Signature for Symbol Recognition by Using a Galois Lattice as a Classifier
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
On the use of geometric matching for both: isolated symbol recognition and symbol spotting
GREC'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Graphics Recognition: new trends and challenges
Report on the symbol recognition and spotting contest
GREC'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Graphics Recognition: new trends and challenges
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The pixel-level constraint (PLC) histograms are known for robustness and invariance in symbol recognition but limited in O(N^3) complexity. This paper proves that matching two PLC histograms can approximately be solved as matching the power spectra of the corresponding shape contexts. As a result, spectra of shape contexts (SSC) inherit robustness and invariance from PLC while the computational cost can be reduced. Moreover, a maximum clique based scheme is proposed for outlier rejection. The theoretical and experimental validation justifies that SSC possesses the desired properties for symbol recognition, that is, robustness, invariance, and efficiency. It outperforms PLC in terms of robustness and time efficiency, and shape context in terms of rotation invariance.