Measuring Clone Based Reengineering Opportunities
METRICS '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Software Metrics
Gemini: Maintenance Support Environment Based on Code Clone Analysis
METRICS '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Software Metrics
Advanced Clone-Analysis to Support Object-Oriented System Refactoring
WCRE '00 Proceedings of the Seventh Working Conference on Reverse Engineering (WCRE'00)
An Ethnographic Study of Copy and Paste Programming Practices in OOPL
ISESE '04 Proceedings of the 2004 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering
Aiding Comprehension of Cloning Through Categorization
IWPSE '04 Proceedings of the Principles of Software Evolution, 7th International Workshop
Insights into System-Wide Code Duplication
WCRE '04 Proceedings of the 11th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering
An empirical study of code clone genealogies
Proceedings of the 10th European software engineering conference held jointly with 13th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Removing duplication from java.io: a case study using traits
OOPSLA '05 Companion to the 20th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
ICPC '08 Proceedings of the 2008 The 16th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension
"Cloning considered harmful" considered harmful: patterns of cloning in software
Empirical Software Engineering
A Mutation/Injection-Based Automatic Framework for Evaluating Code Clone Detection Tools
ICSTW '09 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification, and Validation Workshops
ICSE '09 Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Software Engineering
Towards a refactoring guideline using code clone classification
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Refactoring Tools
An empirical study on the maintenance of source code clones
Empirical Software Engineering
Clone removal: fact or fiction?
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software Clones
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Software Clones
Evaluating Code Clone Genealogies at Release Level: An Empirical Study
SCAM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 10th IEEE Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation
CSMR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 15th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering
Extracting code clones for refactoring using combinations of clone metrics
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software Clones
Towards flexible code clone detection, management, and refactoring in IDE
Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Software Clones
Frequency and risks of changes to clones
Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering
An empirical study of long-lived code clones
FASE'11/ETAPS'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Fundamental approaches to software engineering: part of the joint European conferences on theory and practice of software
Analyzing and Forecasting Near-Miss Clones in Evolving Software: An Empirical Study
ICECCS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 16th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems
ICPC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 19th International Conference on Program Comprehension
Conflict-Aware Optimal Scheduling of Code Clone Refactoring: A Constraint Programming Approach
ICPC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 19th International Conference on Program Comprehension
SCAM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 11th International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation
An automatic framework for extracting and classifying near-miss clone genealogies
ICSM '11 Proceedings of the 2011 27th IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance
Comparative stability of cloned and non-cloned code: an empirical study
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
IDE-based real-time focused search for near-miss clones
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
An empirical study on clone stability
ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review
Clone Management for Evolving Software
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Evaluating the conventional wisdom in clone removal: a genealogy-based empirical study
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Understanding the evolution of type-3 clones: an exploratory study
Proceedings of the 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories
Tuning research tools for scalability and performance: The NiCad experience
Science of Computer Programming
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Clone management has drawn immense interest from the research community in recent years. It is recognized that a deep understanding of how code clones change and are refactored is necessary for devising effective clone management tools and techniques. This paper presents an empirical study based on the clone genealogies from a significant number of releases of nine software systems, to characterize the patterns of clone change and removal in evolving software systems. With a blend of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and statistical tests of significance, we address a number of research questions. Our findings reveal insights into the removal of individual clone fragments and provide empirical evidence in support of conventional clone evolution wisdom. The results can be used to devise informed clone management tools and techniques.