Expert Systems: applications to urban planning
Expert Systems: applications to urban planning
Knowledge representation: logical, philosophical and computational foundations
Knowledge representation: logical, philosophical and computational foundations
A visual language for querying spatio-temporal databases
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems
A Visual Geographic Knowledge Classification and Its Relationship to the KADS Model
AI '99 Proceedings of the 12th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advanced Topics in Artificial Intelligence
Spatial Data Mining: A Database Approach
SSD '97 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Spatial Databases
People Manipulate Objects (but Cultivate Fields): Beyond the Raster-Vector Debate in GIS
Proceedings of the International Conference GIS - From Space to Territory: Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning on Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space
Indexing Values in Continuous Field Databases
EDBT '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Extending Database Technology: Advances in Database Technology
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Towards a general theory of geographic representation in GIS
International Journal of Geographical Information Science
Ontologies for Urban Development
Ontologies for Urban Development
Potentialities of chorems as visual summaries of geographic databases contents
VISUAL'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Advances in visual information systems
Comparing representations of geographic knowledge expressed as conceptual graphs
GeoS'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on GeoSpatial Semantics
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In many applications, the management of geographic knowledge is very important especially not only for urban and environmental planning, but also for any application in territorial intelligence. However there are several practical problems hindering the efficiency, some of them being technical and other being more conceptual. The goal of this paper is to present a tentative conceptual framework for managing practical geographic knowledge taking account of accuracy, rotundity of earth, the mobility of objects, multiple-representation, multi-scale, existence of sliver polygons, differences in classifying real features (ontologies), the many-to-many relationship of place names (gazetteers) and the necessity of interoperability. In other words, this framework must be robust against scaling, generalization and small measurement errors. Therefore, geographic objects must be distinguished into several classes of objects with different properties, namely geodetic objects, administrative objects, manmade objects and natural objects. Regarding spatial relations, in addition to conventional topological and projective relations, other relations including tessellations and ribbon topology relations are presented in order to help model geographic objects by integrating more practical semantics. Any conceptual framework is based on principles which are overall guidelines and rules; moreover, principles allow at making predictions and drawing implications and are finally the basic building blocks of theoretical models. But before identifying the principles, one needs some preliminary considerations named prolegomena. In our case, principles will be essentially rules for transforming geographic knowledge whereas prolegomena will be assertions regarding more the foundations of geographic science. Based on those considerations, 12 principles are given, preceded by 12 prolegomena. For instance, some principles deal with the transformation of spatial relationships based on visual acuity and granularity of interest, with the influence of neighboring information and cross-boundary interoperability. New categories of geographic knowledge types are presented, spatial facts, cluster of areas, flows of persons, goods, etc., topological constraints and co-location rules. To represent knowledge chunks, three styles are presented, based respectively on descriptive logics, XML and visual languages. To conclude this paper, after having defined contexts of interpretation, an example of visual language to manage geographic knowledge is proposed.