Stochastic discrete optimization
SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization
A method for discrete stochastic optimization
Management Science
Stochastic Comparison Algorithm for Discrete Optimization with Estimation
SIAM Journal on Optimization
Controlled Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithms for Better Convergence
EMO '01 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization
A combined procedure for optimization via simulation
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
A Pattern Search Filter Method for Nonlinear Programming without Derivatives
SIAM Journal on Optimization
Discrete Optimization via Simulation Using COMPASS
Operations Research
Muiltiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting in genetic algorithms
Evolutionary Computation
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
A review of multiobjective test problems and a scalable test problem toolkit
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
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Although metamodel technique has been successfully used to enhance the efficiency of the multi-objective optimization (MOO) with black-box objective functions, the metamodel could become less accurate or even unavailable when the design variables are discrete. In order to overcome the bottleneck, this work proposes a novel random search algorithm for discrete variables based multi-objective optimization with black-box functions, named as k-mean cluster based heuristic sampling with Utopia-Pareto directing adaptive strategy (KCHS-UPDA). This method constructs a few adaptive sampling sets in the solution space and draws samples according to a heuristic probability model. Several benchmark problems are supplied to test the performance of KCHS-UPDA including closeness, diversity, efficiency and robustness. It is verified that KCHS-UPDA can generally converge to the Pareto frontier with a small quantity of number of function evaluations. Finally, a vehicle frontal member crashworthiness optimization is successfully solved by KCHS-UPDA.