Torsional rigidity of reinforced concrete bars with arbitrary sectional shape
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis
Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis
Cross-section optimal design of composite laminated thin-walled beams
Computers and Structures
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In technical beam theory the six equilibrium states associated with homogeneous tension, bending, shear and torsion are treated as individual load cases. This enables the formulation of weak form equations governing the warping from shear and torsion. These weak form equations are solved numerically by introducing a cubic-linear two-dimensional isoparametric element. The cubic interpolation of this element accurately represents quadratic shear stress variations along cross-section walls, and thus moderately thin-walled cross-sections are effectively discretized by these elements. The ability of this element to represent curved geometries, and to accurately determine cross-section parameters and shear stress distributions is demonstrated.