Genetic Programming and Emergence

  • Authors:
  • Wolfgang Banzhaf

  • Affiliations:
  • Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada

  • Venue:
  • Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
  • Year:
  • 2014

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Abstract

Emergence and its accompanying phenomena are a widespread process in nature. Despite its prominence, there is no agreement in the sciences about the concept and how to define or measure emergence. One of the most contentious issues discussed is that of top-down (or downward) causation as a defining characteristic of systems with emergence. In this contribution we shall argue that emergence happens in Genetic Programming, for all the world to see.