2D space---time wave-digital multi-fan filter banks for signals consisting of multiple plane waves

Authors:
Nilanka Rajapaksha;Arjuna Madanayake;Leonard T. Bruton
Affiliations:
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, USA;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, USA;Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
Venue:
Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing
Year:
2014

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Abstract

Two dimensional space---time fan filters may be used for the highly-selective enhancement of spatio-temporal plane-waves on the basis of their directions of arrival. Unlike uniform bandwidth beam filters, ideal fan filters transmit passband signals over a range of directions of arrival that is independent of their 1D temporal spectrum. In this work, closed-form 2D wave-digital filter design equations and corresponding hardware architectures are proposed for realizing M independent fan-shaped passbands having independently steerable directionality and selectivity. A design method based on LCR ladder networks is proposed and implemented using a 2D time-multiplexed raster-scanned architecture that is suitable for low frequency applications such as audio, multimedia, seismic and ultrasonic beamforming. The architectures are designed, simulated, physically realized and tested on FPGA-based prototypes. Examples of 2D IIR M-fan filterbanks with FPGA implementations, together with measured results from on-chip hardware verifications, show the successful design and hardware realization. The filterbanks and hardware architectures are shown to be suitable for real-time sensor-array beamforming applications using custom VLSI circuits.