Watersheds in Digital Spaces: An Efficient Algorithm Based on Immersion Simulations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Topographic distance and watershed lines
Signal Processing - Special issue on mathematical morphology and its applications to signal processing
Information Retrieval
An introduction to variable and feature selection
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Letters: Convex incremental extreme learning machine
Neurocomputing
Sales forecasting using extreme learning machine with applications in fashion retailing
Decision Support Systems
OP-ELM: optimally pruned extreme learning machine
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Voting based extreme learning machine
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Automatic watershed segmentation of randomly textured color images
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Face recognition with lattice independent component analysis and extreme learning machines
Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications - Special Issue on Extreme Learning Machines (ELM 2011) Hangzhou, China, December 6 – 8, 2011
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In this paper, we present a Computer Aided Diagnosis and image biomarker identification system for cocaine dependence, which selects relevant regions from a set of brain structural magnetic resonance images (sMRI). After sMRI volume preprocessing for spatial normalization, we compute Pearson's correlation between pixel values across volumes and the indicative variable, obtaining a volume of correlation values (VCV). We calculate the gradient of the VCV which is used to perform a watershed segmentation of the brain volume into regions. A region selection stage finds the most relevant watershed regions. We propose two different approaches to characterize region relevance: (a) a wrapper procedure using extreme learning machines (ELM), and (b) apply correlation distribution percentiles to select most discriminant regions. Next, we consider three different procedures to extract the image features corresponding to selected regions: (1) collecting the sMRI intensity values of all the voxels that compose each region, compute (2) the mean or (3) the median of the sMRI intensity value of the voxels contained in each selected region. Extracted feature vectors are used to build a classifier aiming to discriminate between cocaine dependent patients and healthy controls. We compare results of several classifiers: ELM, OP-ELM, SVM and 1NN. Also, we visualize the brain locations of selected regions, checking if these locations are in accordance with previous findings in the medical literature.