The String-to-String Correction Problem
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Machine Learning
Introduction to Information Retrieval
Introduction to Information Retrieval
SWITCHBOARD: telephone speech corpus for research and development
ICASSP'92 Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE international conference on Acoustics, speech and signal processing - Volume 1
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Spoken term detection is an extension of text-based searching that allows users to type keywords and search audio files containing recordings of spoken language. Performance is dependent on many external factors such as the acoustic channel, language, pronunciation variations and acoustic confusability of the search term. Unlike text-based searches, the likelihoods of false alarms and misses for specific search terms, which we refer to as reliability, play a significant role in the overall perception of the usability of the system. In this paper, we present a system that predicts the reliability of a search term based on its inherent confusability. Our approach integrates predictors of the reliability that are based on both acoustic and phonetic features. These predictors are trained using an analysis of recognition errors produced from a state of the art spoken term detection system operating on the Fisher Corpus. This work represents the first large-scale attempt to predict the success of a keyword search term from only its spelling. We explore the complex relationship between phonetic and acoustic properties of search terms. We show that a 76 % correlation between the predicted error rate and the actual measured error rate can be achieved, and that the remaining confusability is due to other acoustic modeling issues that cannot be derived from a search term's spelling.