Mixed finite element methods—reduced and selective integration techniques: a unification of concepts
Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering - Special edition on the 20th Anniversary
An introduction to NURBS: with historical perspective
An introduction to NURBS: with historical perspective
Curves and surfaces for CAGD: a practical guide
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Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA
Isogeometric Analysis: Toward Integration of CAD and FEA
Flexure and torsion locking phenomena in out-of-plane deformation of Timoshenko curved beam element
Finite Elements in Analysis and Design
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This work deals with the development of 2D solid shell non-uniform rational B-spline elements. We address a static problem, that can be solved with a 2D model, involving a thin slender structure under small perturbations. The plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric assumption can be made. $$\overline{B}$$ B 炉 projection and reduced integration techniques are considered to deal with the locking phenomenon. The use of the $$\overline{B}$$ B 炉 approach leads to the implementation of two strategies insensitive to locking: the first strategy is based on a 1D projection of the mean strain across the thickness; the second strategy undertakes to project all the strains onto a suitably chosen 2D space. Conversely, the reduced integration approach based on Gauss points is less expensive, but only alleviates locking and is limited to quadratic approximations. The performance of the various 2D elements developed is assessed through several numerical examples. Simple extensions of these techniques to 3D are finally performed.