Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice
A Heuristic Approach for Antenna Positioning in Cellular Networks
Journal of Heuristics
ENCON: an evolutionary algorithm for the antenna placement problem
Computers and Industrial Engineering - Special issue: Focussed issue on applied meta-heuristics
Markov-Based Hierarchical User Mobility Model
ICWMC '07 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications
A permutation-coded evolutionary strategy for multi-objective GSM network planning
Journal of Heuristics
The infrastructure efficiency of cellular wireless networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
User mobility modeling and characterization of mobility patterns
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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In this paper, dynamic traffic load is considered to determine optimal location of base station (BS) using evolutionary optimization algorithms. The various parameters such as site coordinates (x, y), transmitting power, height and tilt are taken as design parameters for BS placement. Coverage maximization and cost minimization are considered as two conflicting objectives with inequality constraints such as handover, traffic demand and overlap. RGA and MNSGA-II algorithms are used to solve single objective and multiobjective BS placement problem respectively. A $$2 \times 2\, \text{ km}^{2}$$ synthetic test system is discretized as hexagonal cell structure for simulation purposes. Receiving field strength for all service testing points is calculated using simulations and path loss is calculated using Hata model. In dynamic traffic model, both vehicle and pedestrian movements in up and side directions are considered. Dynamic movement is achieved by randomly moving vehicles and pedestrians for a fixed speed in each sample time. The results show that the RGA is able to determine the optimal BS location after considering the dynamic traffic load and satisfying inequality constraints for both coverage maximization and cost objectives. MNSGA-II algorithm gives well distributed pareto-front for the multiobjective BS placement in single simulation run. The simulation results reveal that the proposed dynamic traffic model is suitable for the real world BS placement problem.