Plans in programming: definition, demonstration, and development
Papers presented at the first workshop on empirical studies of programmers on Empirical studies of programmers
Cognitive processes in program comprehension
Papers presented at the first workshop on empirical studies of programmers on Empirical studies of programmers
Mental models and software maintenance
Papers presented at the first workshop on empirical studies of programmers on Empirical studies of programmers
Breakdowns and processes during the early activities of software design by professionals
Empirical studies of programmers: second workshop
Comprehension strategies in programming
Empirical studies of programmers: second workshop
Expert problem solving strategies for program comprehension
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of paradigm on cognitive activities in design
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Why looking isn't always seeing: readership skills and graphical programming
Communications of the ACM
Hypermedia and cognition: designing for comprehension
Communications of the ACM
Comprehension processes during large scale maintenance
ICSE '94 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Software engineering
Structural Redocumentation: A Case Study
IEEE Software
Software psychology: Human factors in computer and information systems (Winthrop computer systems series)
Cognitive activities and levels of abstraction in procedural and object-oriented design
Human-Computer Interaction
Program understanding behavior during debugging of large scale software
ESP '97 Papers presented at the seventh workshop on Empirical studies of programmers
An Extensible System for Source Code Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Visual support for incremental abstraction and refinement in Ada 95
Proceedings of the 1998 annual ACM SIGAda international conference on Ada
The role of software measures and metrics in studies of program comprehension
ACM-SE 37 Proceedings of the 37th annual Southeast regional conference (CD-ROM)
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Coding Scheme to Support Systematic Analysis of Software Comprehension
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Qualitative Methods in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The Effectiveness of Control Structure Diagrams in Source Code Comprehension Activities
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
On Increasing Our Knowledge of Large-Scale Software Comprehension
Empirical Software Engineering
A Study of Reasoning Processes in Software Maintenance Management
Information Technology and Management
Recovering Traceability Links between Code and Documentation
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Program understanding needs during corrective maintenance of large scale software
COMPSAC '97 Proceedings of the 21st International Computer Software and Applications Conference
Program Understanding Behavior during Estimation of Enhancement Effort on Small Java Programs
PROFES '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement
Does The Modern Code Inspection Have Value?
ICSM '01 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM'01)
User Interface Evaluation and Empirically-Based Evolution of a Prototype Experience Management Tool
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Polymetric Views-A Lightweight Visual Approach to Reverse Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
How Effective Developers Investigate Source Code: An Exploratory Study
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The Class Blueprint: Visually Supporting the Understanding of Classes
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Towards understanding programs through wear-based filtering
SoftVis '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Software visualization
The Structural Complexity of Software: An Experimental Test
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An eye-tracking methodology for characterizing program comprehension processes
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
An empirical validation of complexity profile graph
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Southeast regional conference - Volume 1
Developing maintainable software: the READABLE approach
Decision Support Systems
Journal of Systems and Software
The impacts of function extraction technology on program comprehension: A controlled experiment
Information and Software Technology
Guidelines for conducting and reporting case study research in software engineering
Empirical Software Engineering
An introduction to program comprehension for computer science educators
Proceedings of the 2010 ITiCSE working group reports
How do professional developers comprehend software?
Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Software Engineering
Deriving knowledge representation guidelines by analyzing knowledge engineer behavior
Decision Support Systems
Methodology Mashups: An Exploration of Processes Used to Maintain Software
Journal of Management Information Systems
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We present results of observing professional maintenance engineers working with industrial code at actual maintenance tasks. Protocol analysis is used to explore how code understanding might differ for small versus large scale code. The experiment confirms that cognition processes work at all levels of abstraction simultaneously as programmers build a mental model of the code. Analysis focused on dynamic properties and processes of code understanding. Cognition processes emerged at three levels of aggregation representing lower and higher level strategies of understanding. They show differences in what triggers them and how they achieve their goals. Results are useful for defining information which maintenance engineers need for their work and for documentation and development standards.