Tree-Adjoining Language Parsing in o(n^6) Time

  • Authors:
  • Sanguthevar Rajasekaran

  • Affiliations:
  • -

  • Venue:
  • SIAM Journal on Computing
  • Year:
  • 1996

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Abstract

In this paper we present algorithms for parsing general tree-adjoining languages (TALs). Tree-adjoining grammars (TAGs) have been proposed as an elegant formalism for natural languages. It was an open question for the past ten years as to whether TAL parsing can be done in time $o(n^6)$. We settle this question affirmatively by presenting an $O(n^3 M(n))$-time algorithm, where $M(k)$ is the time needed for multiplying two Boolean matrices of size $k\times k$ each. Since $O(k^{2.376})$ is the current best-known value for $M(k)$, the time bound of our algorithm is $O(n^{5.376})$. On an exclusive read exclusive write parameter random-access machine (EREW PRAM) our algorithm runs in time $O(n\log n)$ using $\frac{n^2 M(n)}{\log n}$ processors. In comparison, the best-known previous parallel algorithm had a run time of $O(n)$ using $n^5$ processors (on a systolic array machine). We also present algorithms for parsing context-free languages (CFLs) and TALs whose worst case run times are $O(n^3)$ and $O(n^6)$, respectively, but whose average run times are better. Therefore, these algorithms may be of practical interest.