Computer networks
Characteristics of wide-area TCP/IP conversations
SIGCOMM '91 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architecture & protocols
A case for caching file objects inside internetworks
SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Empirically derived analytic models of wide-area TCP connections
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Wide-area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
A caching relay for the World Wide Web
Selected papers of the first conference on World-Wide Web
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Application-level document caching in the Internet
SDNE '95 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Services in Distributed and Networked Environments
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
A workload characterization study of Internet Web servers
ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review - Special issue on the Web
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Page replacement with multi-size pages and applications to Web caching
STOC '97 Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Performance issues of enterprise level web proxies
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Multiprocessor scheduling with client resources to improve the response time of WWW applications
ICS '97 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Supercomputing
On disk caching of Web objects in proxy servers
CIKM '97 Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Modeling the performance of HTTP over several transport protocols
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Internet Web servers: workload characterization and performance implications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Long-lasting transient conditions in simulations with heavy-tailed workloads
Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulation
Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Analysis of Task Assignment Policies in Scalable Distributed Web-Server Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
A performance evaluation of hyper text transfer protocols
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Mitigating server-side congestion in the Internet through pseudoserving
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the scale and performance of cooperative Web proxy caching
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Soft timers: efficient microsecond software timer support for network processing
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Replacement policies for a proxy cache
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A methodology for workload characterization of E-commerce sites
Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on Electronic commerce
Cluster reserves: a mechanism for resource management in cluster-based network servers
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Summary cache: a scalable wide-area web cache sharing protocol
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
WAP traffic: description and comparison to WWW traffic
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
The content and access dynamics of a busy Web site: findings and implications
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Application-layer anycasting: a server selection architecture and use in a replicated Web service
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analytic modeling of load balancing policies for tasks with heavy-tailed distributions
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Software and performance
In search of invariants for e-business workloads
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM conference on Electronic commerce
Performance Evaluation of Storage Systems Based on Network-Attached Disks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Rule-assisted prefetching in Web-server caching
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Information and knowledge management
Soft timers: efficient microsecond software timer support for network processing
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Interpreting Stale Load Information
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Performance evaluation of multiple time scale TCP under self-similar traffic conditions
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS) - Special issue on modeling and simulation of communication networks
Realizing fault resilience in Web-server cluster
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Analysis of educational media server workloads
NOSSDAV '01 Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
On the nonstationarity of Internet traffic
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Architectural support for fast symmetric-key cryptography
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
CryptoManiac: a fast flexible architecture for secure communication
ISCA '01 Proceedings of the 28th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Efficiency vs. portability in cluster-based network servers
PPoPP '01 Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practices of parallel programming
Preserving QoS of e-commerce sites through self-tuning: a performance model approach
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM conference on Electronic Commerce
Evidence for long-tailed distributions in the internet
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
GISMO: a Generator of Internet Streaming Media Objects and workloads
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Characterizing locality, evolution, and life span of accesses in enterprise media server workloads
NOSSDAV '02 Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Coordinated data prefetching by utilizing reference information at both proxy and web servers
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Summary of WWW characterizations
World Wide Web
A performance study of the Squid proxy on HTTP/1.0
World Wide Web
Measuring the capacity of a Web server under realistic loads
World Wide Web
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Traffic modeling and performance analysis of commercial web sites
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Characterization of E-Commerce Traffic
Electronic Commerce Research
Logistic Regression in an Adaptive Web Cache
IEEE Internet Computing
TPC-W: A Benchmark for E-Commerce
IEEE Internet Computing
Tradeoffs in Designing Web Clusters
IEEE Internet Computing
A Scalable and Efficient Cooperative System for Web Caches
IEEE Concurrency
Performance Evaluation of Service Differentiating Internet Servers
IEEE Transactions on Computers
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Programming the Web with High-Level Programming Languages
ESOP '01 Proceedings of the 10th European Symposium on Programming Languages and Systems
Dynamic Processor Scheduling with Client Resources for Fast Multi-Resolution WWW Image Browsing
IPPS '97 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Parallel Processing
The "Last-Copy" Approach for Distributed Cache Pruning in a Cluster of HTTP Proxies
PIHSN '02 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks
Handling Multiple Bottlenecks in Web Servers Using Adaptive Inbound Controls
PIHSN '02 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Protocols for High Speed Networks
Analysis of Internet Reference Behaviors in the Korean Education
Proceedings of the First International Conference on The Human Society and the Internet - Internet Related Socio-Economic Issues
My Cache or Yours? Making Storage More Exclusive
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A Parsimonious Multifractal Model for WWW Traffic
Revised Papers from the NETWORKING 2002 Workshops on Web Engineering and Peer-to-Peer Computing
Kernel Mechanisms for Service Differentiation in Overloaded Web Servers
Proceedings of the General Track: 2002 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Measurement-based Analysis of Networked System Availability
Performance Evaluation: Origins and Directions
Workload Characterization Issues and Methodologies
Performance Evaluation: Origins and Directions
Workload Modeling for Performance Evaluation
Performance Evaluation of Complex Systems: Techniques and Tools, Performance 2002, Tutorial Lectures
Improving the Effectiveness of Web Caching
Advances in Distributed Systems, Advanced Distributed Computing: From Algorithms to Systems
WEBKDD '99 Revised Papers from the International Workshop on Web Usage Analysis and User Profiling
Network-Adaptive Cache Management Schemes for Mixed Media
PCM '01 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Scalable techniques for memory-efficient CDN simulations
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
Cluster Queue Structure for Shared-Memory Multiprocessor Systems
The Journal of Supercomputing
Conserving disk energy in network servers
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
An Empirical Model of HTTP Network Traffic
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Techniques for Achieving High Performance Web Servers
ICPP '00 Proceedings of the Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Parallel Processing
A Single System Image Server Cluster using Duplicated MAC and IP Addresses
LCN '01 Proceedings of the 26th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
Modeling web requests: a multifractal approach
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A hierarchical and multiscale approach to analyze E-business workloads
Performance Evaluation
Evaluating Scheduling and Replica Optimisation Strategies in OptorSim
GRID '03 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Grid Computing
Revisiting correlations and scheduling in Web servers
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review - Special issue on the fifth workshop on MAthematical performance Modeling and Analysis (MAMA 2003)
Workload characterization for an E-commerce web site
CASCON '03 Proceedings of the 2003 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
Document replication and distribution in extensible geographically distributed web servers
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Scalable web services and architecture
Content-aware cooperative caching for cluster-based web servers
Journal of Systems and Software
Research on scheduling algorithms in Web cluster servers
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Characterizing Web Usage Regularities with Information Foraging Agents
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Characterization of a large web site population with implications for content delivery
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
GEMA: An Object Replacement Algorithm for Cooperative Web Proxy Systems
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Managing routing tables for URL routers in content distribution networks
International Journal of Network Management
X-RAY: A Non-Invasive Exclusive Caching Mechanism for RAIDs
Proceedings of the 31st annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A data cube model for prediction-based web prefetching
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems - Special issue on web intelligence
Tornado: a capability-aware peer-to-peer storage overlay
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Special issue on middleware
Characteristics of internet background radiation
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Ranking configuration parameters in multi-tiered e-commerce sites
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Web server QoS models: applying scheduling rules from production planning
Computers and Operations Research
A multi-threaded PIPELINED Web server architecture for SMP/SoC machines
WWW '05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
ADMiRe: An Algebraic Data Mining Approach to System Performance Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Performance evaluation of an open distributed platform for realistic traffic generation
Performance Evaluation - Performance modelling and evaluation of high-performance parallel and distributed systems
Web Performance Modeling Issues
International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Circus: Opportunistic Block Reordering for Scalable Content Servers
FAST '04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Weblins: a scalable WWW cluster-based server
Advances in Engineering Software
Design, implementation and evaluation of resource management system for internet servers
Journal of High Speed Networks
Revisiting web server workload invariants in the context of scientific web sites
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Job scheduling to minimize the weighted waiting time variance of jobs
Computers and Industrial Engineering
Job scheduling methods for reducing waiting time variance
Computers and Operations Research
An online predictive control framework for designing self-managing computing systems
Multiagent and Grid Systems
Workload models of spam and legitimate e-mails
Performance Evaluation
Mistreatment-resilient distributed caching
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Organization-based analysis of web-object sharing and caching
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
Active names: flexible location and transport of wide-area resources
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
Opportunities for bandwidth adaptation in microsoft office documents
WSS'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Windows Systems Symposium - Volume 4
The measured access characteristics of world-wide-web client proxy caches
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Measuring the capacity of a web server
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
SPAND: shared passive network performance discovery
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Scalable content-aware request distribution in cluster-based networks servers
ATEC '00 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Efficient support for P-HTTP in cluster-based web servers
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Flash: an efficient and portable web server
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Reducing the disk I/O of web proxy server caches
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Exploiting nonstationarity for performance prediction
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2007
The web is smaller than it seems
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Efficient and Scalable Algorithms for Inferring Likely Invariants in Distributed Systems
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A performance investigation of web caching architectures
Proceedings of the 2008 C3S2E conference
Bound analysis of closed queueing networks with workload burstiness
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Scheduling despite inexact job-size information
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The stretched exponential distribution of internet media access patterns
Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Cutting corners: workbench automation for server benchmarking
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Holistic design and caching in mobile computing
CODES+ISSS '08 Proceedings of the 6th IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/Software codesign and system synthesis
Rethinking FTP: Aggressive block reordering for large file transfers
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 2007 International Conference on Middleware
WorkOut: I/O workload outsourcing for boosting RAID reconstruction performance
FAST '09 Proccedings of the 7th conference on File and storage technologies
Cost-based admission control for Internet Commerce QoS enhancement
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Wikipedia workload analysis for decentralized hosting
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Web user-session inference by means of clustering techniques
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Injecting realistic burstiness to a traditional client-server benchmark
ICAC '09 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Autonomic computing
Analyzing usage in a large coursecasting service: issues & strategies
Proceedings of the 37th annual ACM SIGUCCS fall conference: communication and collaboration
Weblins: A scalable WWW cluster-based server
Advances in Engineering Software
An investigation of web crawler behavior: characterization and metrics
Computer Communications
Coordinated data prefetching for web contents
Computer Communications
Lognormal and Pareto distributions in the Internet
Computer Communications
Workload characterization for the multimedia files embedded in the popular web pages
IMSA '07 Proceedings of the Eleventh IASTED International Conference on Internet and Multimedia Systems and Applications
Resource pool management: Reactive versus proactive or let's be friends
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A versatile probability distribution for light and heavy tails of web file sizes
WCNC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE conference on Wireless Communications & Networking Conference
Finding representative workloads for computer system design
Finding representative workloads for computer system design
International Journal of Computers and Applications
Flash-aware cluster allocation method based on filename extension for FAT file system
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
MIDDLEWARE2007 Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IFIP/USENIX international conference on Middleware
QoS-oriented control of server systems
Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Feedback Control Implementation and Design in Computing Systems and Networks
SAIL: self-adaptive file reallocation on hybrid disk arrays
HiPC'08 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High performance computing
Caracterização dos Dados trocados entre serviços web e provedores de serviços
Companion Proceedings of the XIV Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web
QoS-oriented control of server systems
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Evaluation of users access and navigation profiles on web video sharing environments
WebMedia '09 Proceedings of the XV Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web
ACSC '09 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Australasian Conference on Computer Science - Volume 91
A Socratic method for validation of measurement-based networking research
Computer Communications
Sampling bias in BitTorrent measurements
EuroPar'10 Proceedings of the 16th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel processing: Part I
Integrated estimation and tracking of performance model parameters with autoregressive trends
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance engineering
Circus: opportunistic block reordering for scalable content servers
FAST'04 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Review: Task assignment policies in distributed server systems: A survey
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Mining frequent itemsets over distributed data streams by continuously maintaining a global synopsis
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Characterizing e-business workloads using fractal methods
Journal of Web Engineering
Reactivity-based approaches to improve web systems' quality of service
Journal of Web Engineering
Modeling and synthesizing task placement constraints in Google compute clusters
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing
Detecting fraudulent use of cloud resources
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Cloud computing security workshop
Neural network hot spot prediction algorithm for shared web caching system
APWeb'05 Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific web conference on Web Technologies Research and Development
A feedback control approach to mitigating mistreatment in distributed caching groups
NETWORKING'06 Proceedings of the 5th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communications Systems
Self-star Properties in Complex Information Systems
Analysis of web logs: challenges and findings
PERFORM'10 Proceedings of the 2010 IFIP WG 6.3/7.3 international conference on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems: milestones and future challenges
Thin-client Web access patterns: Measurements from a cache-busting proxy
Computer Communications
Analysis and control of correlated web server queues
Computer Communications
Enabling fault resilience for web services
Computer Communications
Content-selection strategies for the periodic prefetching of WWW resources via satellite
Computer Communications
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Autonomic computing
Modeling web usage profiles of cloud services for utility cost analysis
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Predictive File Replication on the Data Grids
International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing
Towards a workload model for online social applications: ICPE 2013 work-in-progress paper
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
A comparison of web robot and human requests
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
Transactional traffic generator implementation in ns-3
Proceedings of the 6th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
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The phenomenal growth in popularity of the World Wide Web (WWW, or the Web) has made WWW traffic the largest contributor to packet and byte traffic on the NSFNET backbone. This growth has triggered recent research aimed at reducing the volume of network traffic produced by Web clients and servers, by using caching, and reducing the latency for WWW users, by using improved protocols for Web interaction.Fundamental to the goal of improving WWW performance is an understanding of WWW workloads. This paper presents a workload characterization study for Internet Web servers. Six different data sets are used in this study: three from academic (i.e., university) environments, two from scientific research organizations, and one from a commercial Internet provider. These data sets represent three different orders of magnitude in server activity, and two different orders of magnitude in time duration, ranging from one week of activity to one year of activity.Throughout the study, emphasis is placed on finding workload invariants: observations that apply across all the data sets studied. Ten invariants are identified. These invariants are deemed important since they (potentially) represent universal truths for all Internet Web servers. The paper concludes with a discussion of caching and performance issues, using the invariants to suggest performance enhancements that seem most promising for Internet Web servers.