Time series: theory and methods
Time series: theory and methods
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic
SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Empirically derived analytic models of wide-area TCP connections
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Wide-area traffic: the failure of Poisson modeling
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
A caching relay for the World Wide Web
Selected papers of the first conference on World-Wide Web
Characterizing browsing strategies in the World-Wide Web
Proceedings of the Third International World-Wide Web conference on Technology, tools and applications
SIGCOMM '95 Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Web server workload characterization: the search for invariants
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Explaining World Wide Web Traffic Self-Similarity
Explaining World Wide Web Traffic Self-Similarity
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Web server workload characterization: the search for invariants
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analyzing stability in wide-area network performance
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance issues of enterprise level web proxies
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Multiprocessor scheduling with client resources to improve the response time of WWW applications
ICS '97 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Supercomputing
Internet Web servers: workload characterization and performance implications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the effect and control of self-similar network traffic: a simulation perspective
Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulation
Long-lasting transient conditions in simulations with heavy-tailed workloads
Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulation
Why we don't know how to simulate the Internet
Proceedings of the 29th conference on Winter simulation
Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A self-scaling and self-configuring benchmark for Web servers (extended abstract)
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The changing nature of network traffic: scaling phenomena
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Best-effort versus reservations: a simple comparative analysis
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Data networks as cascades: investigating the multifractal nature of Internet WAN traffic
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Efficient policies for carrying Web traffic over flow-switched networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Simulation of nonGaussian long-range-dependent traffic using wavelets
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A large-scale study of file-system contents
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A framework for robust measurement-based admission control
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On power-law relationships of the Internet topology
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Dynamics of IP traffic: a study of the role of variability and the impact of control
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
On the scale and performance of cooperative Web proxy caching
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
On the relevance of long-range dependence in network traffic
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
ARMADA Middleware and Communication Services
Real-Time Systems
Prediction of future world wide web traffic characteristics for capacity planning
International Journal of Network Management
Summary cache: a scalable wide-area web cache sharing protocol
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analytical comparison of different GPRS introduction strategies
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM international workshop on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
Analytic model of Web servers in distributed environments
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Software and performance
Interpreting Stale Load Information
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Performance evaluation of multiple time scale TCP under self-similar traffic conditions
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS) - Special issue on modeling and simulation of communication networks
Parallel shared-memory simulator performance for large ATM networks
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Impact of fairness on Internet performance
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
On the nonstationarity of Internet traffic
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A M/M/ queue in a semi-Markovian environment
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Analysis of SRPT scheduling: investigating unfairness
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The structural cause of file size distributions
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance modeling of elastic traffic in overload
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Statistical bandwidth sharing: a study of congestion at flow level
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A non-instrusive, wavelet-based approach to detecting network performance problems
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Evidence for long-tailed distributions in the internet
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Performance issues in WWW servers
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
GISMO: a Generator of Internet Streaming Media Objects and workloads
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Generalized processor sharing with heterogeneous traffic classes
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Improving the service time of web clients using server redirection
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
System-level modeling of a network switch SoC
Proceedings of the 15th international symposium on System Synthesis
Performance of GSM networks with general packet radio services
Performance Evaluation
Control and recovery from rare congestion events in a large multi-server system
Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications
Activity periods of an infinite server queue and performance of certain heavy tailed fluid queues
Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications
Summary of WWW characterizations
World Wide Web
Measuring the capacity of a Web server under realistic loads
World Wide Web
Prediction of Web Page Accesses by Proxy Server Log
World Wide Web
A compound model for TCP connection arrivals for LAN and WAN applications
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Advances in modeling and engineering of Longe-Range dependent traffic
Capturing the spatio-temporal behavior of real traffic data
Performance Evaluation
User-level performance of elastic traffic in a differentiated-services environment
Performance Evaluation
Traffic modeling and performance analysis of commercial web sites
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Tradeoffs in Designing Web Clusters
IEEE Internet Computing
WebCompanion: A Friendly Client-Side Web Prefetching Agent
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Rapid model parameterization from traffic measurements
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Stream-Packing: Resource Allocation in Web Server Farms with a QoS Guarantee
HiPC '01 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on High Performance Computing
Dynamic Processor Scheduling with Client Resources for Fast Multi-Resolution WWW Image Browsing
IPPS '97 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Parallel Processing
Searching the World Wide Web: Challenges and Partial Solutions
IBERAMIA '98 Proceedings of the 6th Ibero-American Conference on AI: Progress in Artificial Intelligence
Comparing Logs and Models of Parallel Workloads Using the Co-plot Method
IPPS/SPDP '99/JSSPP '99 Proceedings of the Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
Metrics for Parallel Job Scheduling and Their Convergence
JSSPP '01 Revised Papers from the 7th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
SRPT Scheduling for Web Servers
JSSPP '01 Revised Papers from the 7th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
Understanding the Long-Term Self-Similarity of Internet Traffic
COST 263 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Quality of Future Internet Services
My Cache or Yours? Making Storage More Exclusive
ATEC '02 Proceedings of the General Track of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Workload Characterization Issues and Methodologies
Performance Evaluation: Origins and Directions
The Discovery of Self-Similar Traffic
Performance Evaluation: Origins and Directions
Workload Modeling for Performance Evaluation
Performance Evaluation of Complex Systems: Techniques and Tools, Performance 2002, Tutorial Lectures
Heavy Tails: The Effect of the Service Discipline
TOOLS '02 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation, Modelling Techniques and Tools
Hierarchical Workload Characterization for a Busy Web Server
TOOLS '02 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation, Modelling Techniques and Tools
Preferential treatment for short flows to reduce web latency
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Performance Evaluation - Special issue: Internet performance and control of network systems
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
SHARP: a hybrid adaptive routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Queueing systems with long-range dependent input process and subexponential service times
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The case for power management in web servers
Power aware computing
An Empirical Model of HTTP Network Traffic
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Fitting Mixtures of Exponentials to Long-Tail Distributions to Analyze Network Performance Models
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Congestion at flow level and the impact of user behaviour
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A Single System Image Server Cluster using Duplicated MAC and IP Addresses
LCN '01 Proceedings of the 26th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
A task-oriented study on the influencing effects of query-biased summarisation in web searching
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Power laws and the AS-level internet topology
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A time-scale decomposition approach to measurement-based admission control
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A tool for RApid model parameterization and its applications
MoMeTools '03 Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Models, methods and tools for reproducible network research
The impact of the service discipline on delay asymptotics
Performance Evaluation - Modelling techniques and tools for computer performance evaluation
An analysis of Internet chat systems
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Measuring and modelling the group mmbership in the internet
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Generalized processor sharing with light-tailed and heavy-tailed input
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Revisiting correlations and scheduling in Web servers
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review - Special issue on the fifth workshop on MAthematical performance Modeling and Analysis (MAMA 2003)
Modeling object characteristics of dynamic Web content
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing - Scalable web services and architecture
Service overlay networks: SLAs, QoS, and bandwidth provisioning
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
LIMITS FOR CUMULATIVE INPUT PROCESSES TO QUEUES
Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences
LOWER BOUNDS FOR LRD/GI/1 QUEUES WITH SUBEXPONENTIAL SERVICE TIMES
Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences
On performance bounds for balanced fairness
Performance Evaluation - Internet performance symposium (IPS 2002)
Self-similar and fractal nature of internet traffic
International Journal of Network Management
Performance of a Leaky Bucket System with Long-Range Dependent Input Traffic
Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications
High-performance benchmarking with web polygraph
Software—Practice & Experience - Special issue: Web technologies
Non-stationarity and high-order scaling in TCP flow arrivals: a methodological analysis
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
On the performance and use of dense servers
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Challenges and Research Directions in Agent-Oriented Software Engineering
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Integration of TCP-friendly streaming sessions and heavy-tailed elastic flows
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Network traffic behaviour in switched Ethernet systems
Performance Evaluation - Special issue: Distributed systems performance
Variable heavy tails in internet traffic
Performance Evaluation - Special issue: Distributed systems performance
Improving Performance of Cluster-Based Secure Application Servers with User-Level Communication
ICDE '05 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Data Engineering
Improved timing control for web server systems using internal state information
WWW '05 Special interest tracks and posters of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
ACE: an active, client-directed method for reducing energy during web browsing
NOSSDAV '05 Proceedings of the international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
A traffic characterization of popular on-line games
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Performance evaluation of an open distributed platform for realistic traffic generation
Performance Evaluation - Performance modelling and evaluation of high-performance parallel and distributed systems
Web Performance Modeling Issues
International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
A least flow-time first load sharing approach for distributed server farm
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Bounded-Latency Content Distribution: Feasibility and Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Performance of TCP-friendly streaming sessions in the presence of heavy-tailed elastic flows
Performance Evaluation - Long range dependence and heavy tail distributions
A cross-correlation-based method for spatial-temporal traffic analysis
Performance Evaluation - Long range dependence and heavy tail distributions
Tail asymptotics for discriminatory processor-sharing queues with heavy-tailed service requirements
Performance Evaluation - Long range dependence and heavy tail distributions
Monitoring the Macroscopic Effect of DDoS Flooding Attacks
IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing
Stability of size-based scheduling disciplines in resource-sharing networks
Performance Evaluation - Performance 2005
Sojourn time asymptotics in processor-sharing queues
Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications
Asymptotic behavior of heterogeneous TCP flows and RED gateway
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Selective early request termination for busy internet services
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
How heavy-tailed distributions affect simulation-generated time averages
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
An analytical model based on G/M/1 with self-similar input to provide end-to-end QoS in 3G networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international workshop on Mobility management and wireless access
Client-Centered, Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication on IEEE 802.11b Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Semi-automated discovery of application session structure
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
The M/G/∞ system revisited: finiteness, summability, long range dependence, and reverse engineering
Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications
The shunt: an FPGA-based accelerator for network intrusion prevention
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Rate-distortion based link state update
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Fluid Queues with Heavy-Tailed M/G/∞ Input
Mathematics of Operations Research
Measurement-based characterization of a collection of on-line games
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Organization-based analysis of web-object sharing and caching
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
Exploiting result equivalence in caching dynamic web content
USITS'99 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 2
Measuring the capacity of a web server
USITS'97 Proceedings of the USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems
Flash: an efficient and portable web server
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Performance analysis of TCP/AQM with generalized AIMD under intermediate buffer sizes
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
An SSL Back-End Forwarding Scheme in Cluster-Based Web Servers
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Adaptive congestion protocol: A congestion control protocol with learning capability
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Analysis of join-the-shortest-queue routing for web server farms
Performance Evaluation
Performance impacts of autocorrelated flows in multi-tiered systems
Performance Evaluation
A simple mechanism for stabilizing network queues in TCP/IP networks
International Journal of Network Management
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Insensitivity for PS server farms with JSQ routing
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
The Foreground-Background queue: A survey
Performance Evaluation
A binomial measure method for traffic modeling
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Performance evaluation methodologies and tools
Multiclass G/M/1 queueing system with self-similar input and non-preemptive priority
Computer Communications
End-to-end available bandwidth as a random autocorrelated QoS-relevant time-series
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Coscheduled distributed-Web servers on system area network
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Using LiTGen, a realistic IP traffic model, to evaluate the impact of burstiness on performance
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Simulation tools and techniques for communications, networks and systems & workshops
Combining opportunistic and size-based scheduling in wireless systems
Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems
A Statistically Customisable Web Benchmarking Tool
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Optimal scheduling of jobs with a DHR tail in the M/G/1 queue
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools
Surprising results on task assignment in server farms with high-variability workloads
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Analyzing patterns of user content generation in online social networks
Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
The Poisson Cluster Process Runs as a Model for the Internet Traffic
NEW2AN '09 and ruSMART '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Smart Spaces and Next Generation Wired/Wireless Networking and Second Conference on Smart Spaces
RTG: a recursive realistic graph generator using random typing
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
RTG: A Recursive Realistic Graph Generator Using Random Typing
ECML PKDD '09 Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases: Part I
An investigation of web crawler behavior: characterization and metrics
Computer Communications
Lognormal and Pareto distributions in the Internet
Computer Communications
Self-similar traffic assessment on QoS service classes of WiMAX network
WiOPT'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks
Signs of a revolution in computer science and software engineering
ESAW'02 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Engineering societies in the agents world III
LiTGen, a lightweight traffic generator: application to P2P and mail wireless traffic
PAM'07 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Passive and active network measurement
Impact of size-based scheduling on flow level performance in wireless downlink data channels
ITC20'07 Proceedings of the 20th international teletraffic conference on Managing traffic performance in converged networks
Catching IP traffic burstiness with a lightweight generator
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Dependability metrics
Global modeling of backbone network traffic
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Vacation policy optimization with application to IEEE 802.16e power saving mechanism
WD'09 Proceedings of the 2nd IFIP conference on Wireless days
Dynamic OBS offset allocation in WDM networks
Computer Communications
Analysis of scheduling policies under correlated job sizes
Performance Evaluation
Optimal scheduling of heavy tailed traffic via shape parameter estimation
MILCOM'06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE conference on Military communications
ConTax: a pricing scheme for CHOKeW
MILCOM'06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE conference on Military communications
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on dynamic spectrum access: from the concept to the implementation
Emphasizing anomalous events in computer networks for improved security
MIV'05 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS international conference on Multimedia, internet & video technologies
Conversation exchange dynamics: a new signal primitive for visualizing network intrusion detection
ICECS'05 Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS international conference on Electronics, control and signal processing
Winter Simulation Conference
Performance modelling and traffic characterisation of optical networks
Network performance engineering
Reactivity-based approaches to improve web systems' quality of service
Journal of Web Engineering
ISCIS'06 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Computer and Information Sciences
Improving the data placement algorithm of randomization in SAN
ICCS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Science - Volume Part III
Object placement and caching strategies on AN.P2P
WAIM '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
Stability in web server performance with heavy-tailed distribution
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part I
Invited Fluid queues with long-tailed activity period distributions
Computer Communications
Analysis and control of correlated web server queues
Computer Communications
Research note: Source models of network game traffic
Computer Communications
Computer Communications
M/G/1/MLPS compared to M/G/1/PS
Operations Research Letters
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Autonomic computing
On changing the culture of empirical internet assessment
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Spatio-temporal mining of software adoption & penetration
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
Estimation of backlog and delay in OFDM/TDMA systems with traffic policing using Network Calculus
Computers and Electrical Engineering
On applying stochastic network calculus
Frontiers of Computer Science: Selected Publications from Chinese Universities
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Recently the notion of self-similarity has been shown to apply to wide-area and local-area network traffic. In this paper we examine the mechanisms that give rise to the self-similarity of network traffic. We present a hypothesized explanation for the possible self-similarity of traffic by using a particular subset of wide area traffic: traffic due to the World Wide Web (WWW). Using an extensive set of traces of actual user executions of NCSA Mosaic, reflecting over half a million requests for WWW documents, we examine the dependence structure of WWW traffic. While our measurements are not conclusive, we show evidence that WWW traffic exhibits behavior that is consistent with self-similar traffic models. Then we show that the self-similarity in such traffic can be explained based on the underlying distributions of WWW document sizes, the effects of caching and user preference in file transfer, the effect of user "think time", and the superimposition of many such transfers in a local area network. To do this we rely on empirically measured distributions both from our traces and from data independently collected at over thirty WWW sites.