Icon semantics—a formal approach to icon system design
International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence
Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems
Science of Computer Programming
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automating Visual Language Generation
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Visual Language Compiler for Information Retrieval by Visual Reasoning
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Symbol-relation grammars: a formalism for graphical languages
Information and Computation
The use of grammatical inference for designing programming languages
Communications of the ACM
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The paper presents a grammatical inference methodology for the generation of visual languages, that benefits from the availability of semantic information about the sample sentences. Several well-known syntactic inference algorithms are shown to obey a general inference scheme, that we call Gen-Inf scheme. Then, all the algorithms of the Gen-Inf scheme are modified in agreement with the introduced semantics-based inference methodology.The use of grammatical inference techniques in the design of adaptive user interfaces was previously experimented with the VLG system for visual language generation. The system is a powerful tool for specifying, designing, and interpreting customized visual languages for different applications. In the paper we enhance the adaptivity of the VLG system to any visual environment by exploiting the proposed semantics-based inference methodology. As a matter of fact, a more general model of visual language generation is achieved, based on the Gen-Inf scheme, where the end-user is allowed to choose the algorithm which best fits his/her requirements within the particular application environment.