Automatic Plankton Image Recognition

  • Authors:
  • Xiaoou Tang;W. Kenneth Stewart;He Huang;Scott M. Gallager;Cabell S. Davis;Luc Vincent;Marty Marra

  • Affiliations:
  • Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Challenger Drive, MS &num/7, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1108, USA (Voice: 508-289-3226/ Fax: 508-457-2191/ Email: xtang@whoi.edu);Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Challenger Drive, MS &num/7, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1108, USA (Voice: 508-289-3226/ Fax: 508-457-2191/ Email: xtang@whoi.edu);Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Challenger Drive, MS &num/7, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1108, USA (Voice: 508-289-3226/ Fax: 508-457-2191/ Email: xtang@whoi.edu);Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Challenger Drive, MS &num/7, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1108, USA (Voice: 508-289-3226/ Fax: 508-457-2191/ Email: xtang@whoi.edu);Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Challenger Drive, MS &num/7, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1108, USA (Voice: 508-289-3226/ Fax: 508-457-2191/ Email: xtang@whoi.edu);Xerox Imaging Systems, 9 Centennial Drive, Peabody, MA 01960, USA;Vexcel Corporation, 2477 55th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA

  • Venue:
  • Artificial Intelligence Review
  • Year:
  • 1998

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Abstract

Plankton form the base of the food chain in the ocean and arefundamental to marine ecosystem dynamics. The rapid mapping ofplankton abundance together with taxonomic and size compositionis very important for ocean environmental research, but difficultor impossible to accomplish using traditional techniques. In thispaper, we present a new pattern recognition system to classifylarge numbers of plankton images detected in real time by theVideo Plankton Recorder (VPR), a towed underwater videomicroscope system. The difficulty of such classification iscompounded because: 1) underwater images are typically verynoisy, 2) many plankton objects are in partial occlusion, 3) theobjects are deformable and 4) images are projection variant,i.e., the images are video records of three-dimensional objectsin arbitrary positions and orientations. Our approach combinestraditional invariant moment features and Fourier boundarydescriptors with gray-scale morphological granulometries to forma feature vector capturing both shape and texture information ofplankton images. With an improved learning vector quantizationnetwork classifier, we achieve 95% classification accuracy onsix plankton taxa taken from nearly 2,000 images. This result iscomparable with what a trained biologist can achieve by usingconventional manual techniques, making possible for the firsttime a fully automated, at sea-approach to real-time mapping ofplankton populations.