Multicast: concept, problems, routing protocols, algorithms and QoS extensions
Distributed multimedia databases
Developing scalable protocols for three-metric QoS routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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The integrated services Internet architecture introduces theneed for receiver-initiated multicast routing of flows withheterogeneous resource requirements. Multicast routing withresource reservation, however, raises many issues. First, there isa scalability problem; straightforward decentralizedimplementations of Steiner heuristics require complete informationon resource allocation for each multicast flow at every router.This is in addition to the basic scalability concerns with Internetmulticasting when dealing with large and dynamic groups. Second,there is an efficiency issue; receiver-initiated,decentralized multicast routing may lead to inefficient resourceallocation if not properly designed. Third, there is a potentialfor incorrect operation when multicast delivery paths areconstructed in an uncoordinated manner. Finally, the integration ofthe resource reservation model with multicast routing is an issue.This paper describes these problems and proposes solutions thataddress them, based on decentralized implementations of a newheuristic. Detailed analyses of the proposed schemes usingsimulations indicate good performance and acceptable overheads.