MPEG: a video compression standard for multimedia applications
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on digital multimedia systems
Analysis, modeling and generation of self-similar VBR video traffic
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
A traffic for MPEG-coded VBR streams
Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Fundamental limits and tradeoffs of providing deterministic guarantees to VBR video traffic
Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Statistical properties of MPEG video traffic and their impact on traffic modeling in ATM systems
LCN '95 Proceedings of the 20th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks
A Comparison of Bandwidth Smoothing Techniques for the Transmission of Prerecorded Compressed Video
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Providing VCR Functionality in a Constant Quality Video-On-Demand Transportation Service
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Playback Restart In Interactive Streaming Video Applications
ICMCS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Critical bandwidth allocation for the delivery of compressed video
Computer Communications
Video-on-demand over ATM: constant-rate transmission and transport
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Smoothing variable-bit-rate video in an Internetwork
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Generalized PCRTT offline bandwidth smoothing based on SVM and systematic video segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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Work-ahead smoothing is a technique whereby a server, transmitting stored compressed video to a client, utilizes client buffer space to reduce the rate variability of the transmitted stream. The technique requires the server to compute a schedule of transfer under the constraints that the client buffer neither overflows nor underflows. Recent work established an optimal off-line algorithm (which minimizes peak, variance and rate variability of the transmitted stream) under the assumptions of fixed client buffer size, known worst case network jitter, and strict playback of the client video. In this paper, we examine the practical considerations of heterogeneous and dynamically variable client buffer sizes, variable worst case network jitter estimates, and client interactivity. These conditions require on-line computation of the optimal transfer schedule. We focus on techniques for reducing on-line computation time. Specifically, (i) we present an algorithm for precomputing and storing the optimal schedules for all possible client buffer sizes in a compact manner; (ii) we show that it is theoretically possible to precompute and store compactly the optimal schedules for all possible estimates of worst case network jitter; (iii) in the context of playback resumption after client interactivity, we show convergence of the recomputed schedule with the original schedule, implying greatly reduced on-line computation time; and (iv) we propose and empirically evaluate an "approximation scheme" that produces a schedule close to optimal but takes much less computation time.