Microelectronic circuits, 2nd ed.
Microelectronic circuits, 2nd ed.
The CMOS gain-boosting technique
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing
Diverse-projects design-experiences in analog/digital microelectronic systems
MSE '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Microelectronics Systems Education (MSE '97)
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This paper discusses the design of high gain, general purpose op amps. The op amp is based on a novel cascaded design using comparators and with structural simplicity approaching that of digital circuits. Ideally, the design tool presented here can be used to optimize gain and CMRR independent of the other op amp performance parameters. The designed op amp has 140 dB open-loop gain and 43 MHz unity gain frequency (GBW) in Berkeley Spice3f Level-2 simulation. The circuit is implemented using a 2.0 μm nwell CMOS process through MOSIS. The op amp is self-biased and requires only power supplies of ±2.5 V. It occupies an area of 113 μm×474 μm.