Self-organization and associative memory: 3rd edition
Self-organization and associative memory: 3rd edition
Synthetic neural systems in VLSI
An introduction to neural and electronic networks
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Recent neurophysiological results indicate that changes in synaptic efficacy are dependent on co-occurrence of a pre and a postsynaptic spike at the synapse [5,8]. There are only a few models of parts of the nervous system that use temporal correlation of single spikes in learning [1]. In most models of artificial neural networks neurons communicate by analog signals representing frequencies, and their learning rules are also defined on these continuous signals. Timing of single spikes is not used, nor is it represented. This simplification has proven useful in many applications and it makes simulations in software simpler and faster. Spiking systems have been avoided because they are computationally more difficult. However, by implementing spiking and learning artificial neurons in analog VLSI it is possible to examine the behavior of these more detailed models in real time. This is why ourselves and others [4] have started to use silicon models of spiking learning neurons. We have formulated one possible mechanism of weight normalization: a Hebbian learning rule that makes use of temporal correlations between single spikes. We have implemented it on a CMOS chip and demonstrate its normalizing behavior.