Towards the digital music library: tune retrieval from acoustic input
Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries
Towards a digital library of popular music
Proceedings of the fourth ACM conference on Digital libraries
The Design of a Pen-Based Musical Input System
OZCHI '96 Proceedings of the 6th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction (OZCHI '96)
A voice-to-MIDI system for singing melodies with lyrics
Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Adding speech recognition support to UML tools
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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Building machine readable collections of musical scores is a tedious and time consuming task. The most common interface for performing music data entry is a mouse and toolbar system; using the mouse, the user selects a rhythm (note shape) from a toolbar, then drags the note to the correct position on the staff. We compare the usability of a hybrid speech and mouse-driven interface to a traditional mouse-driven one. The speech-enhanced interface allows users to enter note rhythms by voice, while still using the mouse to indicate pitches. While task completion time is nearly the same, users (N=13) significantly preferred the speech-augmented interface. A second study using the first two authors of this paper (N=2) indicates that experienced users can enter music 11% faster with the speech interface. Many users expressed a desire to enter pitches, as well as rhythms, by speech. A third study, however, shows that the recognizer is unable to reliably distinguish among A, B, C, D, E, F and G (N=10).